All Flashcards
What is the effect of adding resistors in parallel to a circuit?
Decreases the overall equivalent resistance.
What is the effect of internal resistance on a battery's terminal voltage?
It causes the terminal voltage to be less than the EMF when current flows.
What is the effect of a nonideal ammeter on the current in a circuit?
Its resistance increases the total series resistance, potentially reducing the current.
What is the effect of a nonideal voltmeter on voltage measurement?
Its finite resistance can draw some current, altering the voltage reading.
What happens to terminal voltage as current increases in a real battery?
Terminal voltage decreases.
How do you calculate equivalent resistance for resistors in series?
Add the individual resistances directly: Req, s = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...
How do you calculate equivalent resistance for resistors in parallel?
Use the reciprocal method: 1/Req, p = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ... Then, take the reciprocal of the sum.
How to calculate the terminal voltage of a battery?
Use the formula: ΔVterminal = ε - Ir, where ε is the EMF, I is the current, and r is the internal resistance.
Describe the steps to simplify a compound circuit to find total current.
- Calculate equivalent resistance. 2. Use Ohm's Law (V=IR) to find the total current.
Describe how to use an ammeter to measure current.
Connect the ammeter in series with the component you want to measure.
Describe how to use a voltmeter to measure voltage.
Connect the voltmeter in parallel with the component you want to measure.
What are the key differences between series and parallel connections in circuits?
Series: Current is the same, voltage is divided. Parallel: Voltage is the same, current is divided.
Compare ideal vs. nonideal components in a circuit.
Ideal: Wires have zero resistance, batteries have no internal resistance. Nonideal: Wires have some resistance, batteries have internal resistance.
Compare ammeter and voltmeter placement in a circuit.
Ammeter: connected in series. Voltmeter: connected in parallel.
Compare the resistance of ideal vs real-world ammeters.
Ideal ammeter: zero resistance. Real-world ammeter: very low resistance.
Compare the resistance of ideal vs real-world voltmeters.
Ideal voltmeter: infinite resistance. Real-world voltmeter: very high resistance.