All Flashcards
How do you determine the direction of the magnetic field around a moving positive charge?
Use the right-hand rule: point your thumb in the direction of the charge's velocity, and your curled fingers will show the direction of the magnetic field lines.
Describe how to find the direction of magnetic force using the right-hand rule.
Point your index finger in the direction of the velocity (v), your middle finger in the direction of the magnetic field (B), and your thumb will point in the direction of the magnetic force (F) on a positive charge. Reverse the direction for a negative charge.
What are the steps to calculate the net force on a charge in combined electric and magnetic fields?
- Calculate the electric force: . 2. Calculate the magnetic force: . 3. Add the forces vectorially: .
What is the process of the Hall effect?
- Apply a magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow in a conductor. 2. The magnetic force deflects charge carriers to one side, creating charge separation. 3. This separation generates a transverse electric field and Hall voltage. 4. Equilibrium is reached when the electric force balances the magnetic force.
How do you calculate the magnetic force on a moving charge?
Use the formula: , where q is the charge, is the velocity vector, and is the magnetic field vector.
Define magnetic force.
The force exerted on a moving charge by a magnetic field.
What is the Lorentz force?
The total force on a charged particle due to both electric and magnetic fields: .
Define Hall voltage.
The voltage difference created across a conductor due to the Hall effect, resulting from charge separation caused by a magnetic field.
Define magnetic field.
A field of force produced by a moving electric charge or a magnetic dipole.
What is the Hall effect?
The production of a voltage difference (Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor, transverse to an electric current in the conductor and a magnetic field perpendicular to the current.
What are the key differences between electric force and magnetic force on a moving charge?
Electric Force: Acts on charges whether they are moving or stationary, acts along the direction of the electric field. Magnetic Force: Acts only on moving charges, acts perpendicular to both the velocity and magnetic field.
Compare and contrast the force on a positive charge versus a negative charge in a magnetic field.
Positive Charge: The magnetic force direction is given directly by the right-hand rule. Negative Charge: The magnetic force direction is opposite to that given by the right-hand rule.
What are the differences between the magnetic field created by a single moving charge and the magnetic field created by a current-carrying wire?
Single Moving Charge: Creates a circular magnetic field around its direction of motion. Current-Carrying Wire: Creates a magnetic field that encircles the wire.
What is the difference between electric potential and Hall voltage?
Electric Potential: A scalar quantity representing the potential energy per unit charge at a point in an electric field. Hall Voltage: A voltage difference created across a conductor due to the Hall effect, resulting from charge separation caused by a magnetic field.
Compare and contrast the motion of a charged particle in a uniform electric field versus a uniform magnetic field.
Electric Field: The particle experiences a constant force in the direction of the field (or opposite if the charge is negative), resulting in constant acceleration. Magnetic Field: The particle experiences a force perpendicular to its velocity, causing it to move in a circular or helical path at constant speed.