#AP Physics C: E&M - Power & Energy in Circuits ⚡

Hey there, future physicist! Let's get you ready to ace this exam with a super-focused review of power and energy in circuits. We'll break it down, make it stick, and get you feeling confident. Let's dive in!

#Energy Transfer in Circuits

#Power in Circuit Elements

• Power is all about how fast energy moves or changes in a circuit. Think of it as the rate of energy transfer. 🚀

• It depends on two key things: current (I) flowing through a component and the voltage (ΔV) across it.

• The basic formula is: $$P = I \Delta V$$ This tells you the power when you know the current and voltage.

• Higher power means energy is being transferred, converted, or dissipated faster. Think of a race car burning fuel vs. a bicycle. 🏎️ vs. 🚲
• Example: A 100W lightbulb uses energy faster and produces more light than a 60W bulb. 💡

#Lightbulb Brightness and Power

• The brightness of a lightbulb is directly linked to how much power it's using. More power = more light! ✨
• If you double the power, the lightbulb gets significantly brighter. 🌟
• You can predict which lightbulbs will be brighter by calculating their power using the formulas above:
  • $$P = I \Delta V$$
  • $$P = I^2 R$$
  • $$P = \frac{\Delta V^2}{R}$$
• The bulb with the highest power will be the brightest, and the one w...