Energy of motion, $KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$

Energy due to an object's height, $PE_g = mgh$

Energy stored in a spring, $PE_e = \frac{1}{2}kx^2$

The sum of kinetic and potential energies: $ME = KE + PE$

A force where energy can be converted between KE and PE without loss (e.g., gravity, spring force).

The transfer of energy to or from a system.

Energy possessed by an object due to its motion. Formula: $$KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$$

Stored energy that an object has due to its position or condition. Examples include gravitational and spring potential energy.

The sum of kinetic and potential energy in a system: $$ME = KE + PE$$

Forces that allow energy to be converted between kinetic and potential energy without loss (e.g., gravity, spring force).

The transfer of energy to or from a system by a force acting over a distance.

The work done on an object equals the change in its kinetic energy: $$W = \Delta KE$$

Kinetic: energy of motion. Potential: stored energy due to position or configuration.

Conservative: Energy is converted back and forth. Nonconservative: Energy is dissipated as heat or sound.

Positive work: adds energy to the system. Negative work: removes energy from the system.