All Flashcards
Steps to construct a linear model from data?
- Plot the data. 2. Determine if a linear relationship exists. 3. Find the slope and y-intercept. 4. Write the equation in slope-intercept form: .
Steps to model data with a polynomial function using regression?
- Plot the data. 2. Choose a polynomial degree based on the shape. 3. Use a calculator to perform polynomial regression. 4. Write the resulting equation.
Steps to create a piecewise function?
- Identify the intervals. 2. Determine the function for each interval. 3. Write the function with the corresponding domains.
How to determine the domain and range of a rational function in a real-world context?
- Identify any restrictions on the input variable (e.g., values that make the denominator zero). 2. Consider the physical limitations of the scenario (e.g., non-negative quantities). 3. Determine the possible output values based on the restricted domain.
Steps to solve a problem involving inverse proportionality?
- Identify the inversely proportional quantities. 2. Write the general form of the rational function: . 3. Use given data to find the constant of proportionality, . 4. Write the specific equation and use it to solve for the unknown.
How to find the value of a piecewise function at a given point?
- Identify the interval in which the point lies. 2. Use the function defined for that interval to calculate the value.
Steps to find the time it takes to fill a tank modeled by a piecewise function?
- Calculate the total volume of the tank. 2. Divide the total volume by the filling rate to find the time.
How to construct a function model when given a description of transformations?
- Start with the parent function. 2. Apply transformations step-by-step, writing the equation as you go. 3. Simplify the final equation.
How to determine the best type of function (linear, quadratic, exponential, rational) to model a given data set?
- Plot the data. 2. Look for patterns (straight line, curve, rapid growth/decay, inverse relationship). 3. Consider the real-world context. 4. Use regression to test different models.
How to deal with units in function modeling problems?
- Identify the units of each variable. 2. Make sure the units are consistent throughout the problem. 3. Include the correct units in your final answer.
What does the graph of a rational function with a vertical asymptote tell you?
It indicates a value where the function is undefined, often due to division by zero. The function approaches infinity (or negative infinity) as x approaches that value.
How can you identify a piecewise function from its graph?
The graph will consist of different function segments connected or disconnected at specific points, each corresponding to a different interval.
How does the graph of change as increases?
The graph stretches away from the origin. Larger values mean that for the same , is larger, and vice versa.
What does a horizontal asymptote on the graph of a rational function indicate?
It indicates the value that the function approaches as x goes to positive or negative infinity. This represents a limit on the output of the function.
How can you identify transformations of a parent function from its graph?
Look for shifts (left/right, up/down), stretches/compressions (narrower/wider, taller/shorter), and reflections (across x or y axis) compared to the parent function's graph.
What does a discontinuity in the graph of a function indicate?
It indicates a point where the function is not continuous, which can be a hole, a jump, or a vertical asymptote.
How to interpret the slope of a linear function from its graph?
The slope represents the rate of change of the function. A positive slope indicates an increasing function, a negative slope indicates a decreasing function, and a zero slope indicates a constant function.
How to identify the domain and range of a function from its graph?
The domain is the set of all x-values covered by the graph, and the range is the set of all y-values covered by the graph.
What does the end behavior of a polynomial function's graph tell you?
It tells you what happens to the function's values as x approaches positive or negative infinity. This is determined by the leading term of the polynomial.
How to interpret the graph of a piecewise function at the boundary points of its intervals?
Check if the function is continuous at the boundary points. If there's a jump or a break, the function is discontinuous at that point.
Difference between linear and polynomial models?
Linear: Straight line, constant rate of change | Polynomial: Curve, changing rate of change
Difference between polynomial and rational functions?
Polynomial: Can be written as a sum of terms with non-negative integer exponents. | Rational: Written as a ratio of two polynomials, may have asymptotes.
Difference between shifts and stretches of functions?
Shifts: Translate the graph without changing its shape. | Stretches: Change the shape by compressing or expanding the graph.
Difference between direct and inverse proportionality?
Direct: As one quantity increases, the other increases. | Inverse: As one quantity increases, the other decreases.
Difference between domain and range?
Domain: Set of possible input values (x). | Range: Set of possible output values (y).
Difference between continuous and piecewise functions?
Continuous: A single function defined over its entire domain without any breaks. | Piecewise: Defined by different functions over different intervals of its domain.
Difference between a vertical stretch and a horizontal compression?
Vertical Stretch: Multiplies the y-values by a factor, making the graph taller. | Horizontal Compression: Divides the x-values by a factor, making the graph narrower.
Difference between a vertical shift and a horizontal shift?
Vertical Shift: Moves the graph up or down by adding or subtracting a constant. | Horizontal Shift: Moves the graph left or right by adding or subtracting a constant from the x-value.
Difference between linear regression and polynomial regression?
Linear Regression: Finds the best-fitting straight line for the data. | Polynomial Regression: Finds the best-fitting polynomial curve for the data.
Difference between assumptions and restrictions in function modeling?
Assumptions: Simplifications made about the real-world scenario to create a tractable model. | Restrictions: Constraints on the domain or range of the function based on the real-world context.