All Flashcards
What are the differences between horizontal and slant asymptotes?
Horizontal: Function approaches a constant value as x goes to infinity. | Slant: Function approaches a line with a non-zero slope as x goes to infinity.
What are the differences between vertical asymptotes and holes?
Vertical Asymptotes: Occur when the denominator is zero and the factor doesn't cancel. | Holes: Occur when a factor cancels from both numerator and denominator.
Compare and contrast end behavior when numerator degree > denominator degree vs. numerator degree < denominator degree.
Numerator > Denominator: No horizontal asymptote, may have slant asymptote or approaches infinity. | Numerator < Denominator: Horizontal asymptote at y=0.
Compare the end behavior of and .
: Approaches 0 from above and below. | : Approaches 0 from above only.
Compare finding horizontal asymptotes when degrees are equal versus when the denominator's degree is higher.
Degrees equal: Divide leading coefficients. | Denominator higher: Horizontal asymptote is y=0.
What is the difference between polynomial long division and synthetic division for finding slant asymptotes?
Polynomial Long Division: Works for any divisor. | Synthetic Division: Only works for divisors of the form (x - a).
Compare the end behavior of a rational function with a horizontal asymptote at y=2 vs. y=0.
y=2: The function approaches the line y=2 as x approaches infinity. | y=0: The function approaches the x-axis as x approaches infinity.
Compare the graphs of and
: Horizontal asymptote at y=1, vertical asymptote at x=1. | : Horizontal asymptote at y=1, vertical asymptotes at x=1 and x=-1.
Compare the end behavior of rational functions with even vs odd powers in the denominator.
Even powers: Function approaches the horizontal asymptote from the same side for both positive and negative infinity. | Odd powers: Function approaches the horizontal asymptote from opposite sides for positive and negative infinity.
Compare the domain restrictions caused by vertical asymptotes vs. holes.
Vertical asymptotes: Exclude a value from the domain where the function is undefined and approaches infinity. | Holes: Exclude a value from the domain where the function is undefined, but the limit exists.
What does a horizontal asymptote on a rational function's graph indicate?
The value the function approaches as x goes to positive or negative infinity.
What does a vertical asymptote on a rational function's graph indicate?
A point where the function is undefined and approaches infinity or negative infinity.
How can you identify a slant asymptote from a graph?
Look for a line that the function approaches as x goes to positive or negative infinity, but is not horizontal.
How does the graph of behave near x=0?
It approaches positive infinity as x approaches 0 from the right and negative infinity as x approaches 0 from the left.
How does the graph of behave near x=0?
It approaches positive infinity as x approaches 0 from both the left and right.
If a graph of a rational function crosses its horizontal asymptote, what does that mean?
It means the function's value equals the value of the horizontal asymptote at that specific x-value, but it still approaches the asymptote as x goes to infinity.
How to identify a 'hole' on the graph of a rational function.
A hole appears as an open circle on the graph at a specific x-value where the function is undefined but doesn't have a vertical asymptote.
What does the absence of a horizontal asymptote suggest about the rational function's end behavior?
It suggests that the function either approaches infinity or negative infinity, or has a slant asymptote.
How can you use a graph to estimate the limit of a rational function as x approaches infinity?
Observe the y-value that the graph approaches as x moves further and further to the right or left.
What does it mean if a rational function's graph oscillates near a vertical asymptote?
It typically indicates a more complex function or a trigonometric component, rather than a simple rational function.
Explain how the degrees of the numerator and denominator affect end behavior.
The relationship between the degrees determines whether there is a horizontal asymptote, a slant asymptote, or the function approaches infinity.
Describe the relationship between end behavior and horizontal asymptotes.
A horizontal asymptote describes the value that the function approaches as x goes to positive or negative infinity.
Explain why vertical asymptotes occur.
Vertical asymptotes occur at x-values where the denominator of the rational function equals zero and the numerator does not.
Explain the significance of leading terms in determining end behavior.
The ratio of the leading terms dominates the function's behavior as x approaches infinity, determining the horizontal or slant asymptote.
Describe how limits are used to formalize end behavior.
Limits provide a precise way to express what value a function approaches as x tends to infinity, indicating the function's end behavior.
Explain the concept of a 'hole' in a rational function.
A hole occurs when a factor cancels out from both the numerator and denominator, creating a point where the function is undefined but doesn't have a vertical asymptote.
How does simplifying a rational function affect its asymptotes?
Simplifying can reveal holes, and the simplified form is used to determine vertical asymptotes. End behavior and horizontal asymptotes are determined from the original function.
Explain the difference between end behavior and local behavior.
End behavior describes the function's trend as x approaches infinity, while local behavior describes the function's characteristics within a specific interval or around a particular point.
How does the sign of the leading coefficient affect end behavior?
The sign determines whether the function approaches positive or negative infinity as x approaches positive or negative infinity.
Explain the concept of dominance in rational functions.
The term with the highest degree in the numerator or denominator 'dominates' the function's behavior as x becomes very large, influencing the end behavior.