The function is increasing, and the graph is concave down.

The function is decreasing, and the graph is concave down.

As a vertical line that the graph approaches but never crosses, indicating a domain restriction.

It moves the entire graph left or right, changing the position of the vertical asymptote.

It inverts the function, changing increasing functions to decreasing and vice versa.

Look for a point (x, y) on the graph and solve for b in the equation $b^y = x$.

It indicates the rate of change of the function. Steeper graphs have a faster rate of change near the asymptote.

They are reflections of each other across the line y = x.

The graph appears to be stretched vertically away from the x-axis.

Identify the vertical asymptote; the domain is all x-values greater than (or less than, depending on reflection) the asymptote's x-value.

Exponential: Rapid increase, unbounded | Logarithmic: Slow increase, bounded by asymptote.

$\log_b(x)$: Increasing (if b > 1), positive y-values for x > 1 | $-\log_b(x)$: Decreasing (if b > 1), negative y-values for x > 1.

Horizontal: Changes the domain and asymptote | Vertical: Changes the range (though range is all real numbers).

$\log(x*y)$: Can be expanded to $\log(x) + \log(y)$ | $\log(x+y)$: Cannot be simplified further.

b > 1: Increasing function | 0 < b < 1: Decreasing function.

Exponential: Domain is all real numbers, range is y > 0 | Logarithmic: Domain is x > 0, range is all real numbers.

$\log_b(x)$: Vertical asymptote at x = 0 | $b^x$: Horizontal asymptote at y = 0. They are reflections across y = x.

Logarithmic: Often involves combining logs and converting to exponential form | Exponential: Often involves isolating the exponential term and taking the logarithm of both sides.

Vertical Stretch: Makes the graph steeper | Vertical Compression: Makes the graph less steep.

Product Rule: $\log_b(MN) = \log_b(M) + \log_b(N)$ | Quotient Rule: $\log_b(\frac{M}{N}) = \log_b(M) - \log_b(N)$

$y = \log_b(x)$

$\lim_{x \to 0^+} a\log_b(x) = \pm \infty$

$\lim_{x \to \infty} a\log_b(x) = \pm \infty$

$g(x) = \log_b(x + k)$

$b^y = x$

$\log_b(1) = 0$

$\log_b(b) = 1$

$\log_a(x) = \frac{\log_b(x)}{\log_b(a)}$

$\log_b(MN) = \log_b(M) + \log_b(N)$

$\log_b(\frac{M}{N}) = \log_b(M) - \log_b(N)$