The brain and spinal cord; the command center of the nervous system.

All the nerves outside the CNS; the messengers relaying signals between the body and brain.

Part of the PNS that regulates involuntary, unconscious processes essential for survival.

Part of the PNS that controls voluntary movements and behaviors under conscious control.

The division of the ANS that triggers 'fight or flight' responses.

The division of the ANS responsible for 'rest and digest' functions.

Transmit sensory information from receptors in the skin, muscles, and organs to the brain and spinal cord.

Carry motor commands from the central nervous system to effectors like muscles and glands to produce responses and behaviors.

The body's physiological reaction to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival.

The parasympathetic nervous system's function to conserve energy and maintain homeostasis during relaxed states.

Processes sensory information and sends out motor commands to control movement, behavior, and internal processes. Integrates and coordinates all neural activity.

Serves as a communication relay between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. Collects sensory information and carries motor commands.

The ANS maintains homeostasis through the opposing actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, regulating vital functions.

Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles and allows us to interact with the external environment through sensations.

Prepares the body for action in emergency situations by triggering the 'fight or flight' response.

Conserves energy and maintains homeostasis by promoting 'rest and digest' functions during relaxed states.

They work in opposition to maintain balance and homeostasis in the body's internal environment.

Sensory receptors in the skin and muscles provide information about the body's position and external stimuli.

The CNS stores memories, enables learning, and generates our perceptions and subjective experiences.

Both systems contain afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) nerve fibers that transmit signals between the central nervous system and the periphery.

Increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and release of adrenaline to prepare for 'fight or flight'.

Decreased heart rate, constricted pupils, and stimulation of digestion for 'rest and digest'.

Impaired voluntary movement and reduced sensation in affected areas.

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to physiological changes like increased heart rate and sweating.

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system due to a perceived threat (loud noise).

Stimulation of digestive processes, allowing the body to absorb nutrients and conserve energy.

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting 'rest and digest' functions.

The CNS processes the information, enabling perception, decision-making, and appropriate responses.

Motor commands are carried to effectors like muscles and glands, producing responses and behaviors.

Sensory information is transmitted to the central nervous system, allowing for perception and response.