All Flashcards
What are the stages of sleep?
NREM Stage 1, NREM Stage 2, NREM Stage 3, REM sleep.
Describe the process of memory consolidation during sleep.
Brain replays and reinforces neural connections, moving them from short-term to long-term memory, especially during slow-wave and REM sleep.
Describe the progression of NREM stages during the night.
Stage 3 is longest in the first cycle and gets shorter later on.
Describe how REM sleep changes throughout the night.
REM sleep gets longer as the night goes on, with the longest periods in the second half of the night.
Compare the Activation-Synthesis Theory and the Consolidation Theory of dreams.
Activation-Synthesis: Dreams are random neural firings. Consolidation: Dreams help process memories.
Compare NREM sleep and REM sleep.
NREM: Stages 1-3, decreasing brain activity. REM: Brain activity similar to wakefulness, rapid eye movements, muscle atonia.
Compare insomnia and narcolepsy.
Insomnia: Difficulty falling/staying asleep. Narcolepsy: Excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.
Compare sleep apnea and somnambulism.
Sleep apnea: Breathing stops and starts during sleep. Somnambulism: Performing complex actions during deep sleep.
Compare Stage 2 and Stage 3 NREM sleep.
Stage 2: Sleep spindles and K-complexes. Stage 3: Delta waves, deep sleep.
What are the effects of disrupting the SCN?
Disrupting the SCN can lead to irregular sleep-wake cycles, hormonal imbalances, and impaired cognitive function.
What are the causes and effects of sleep apnea?
Causes: Obesity, genetics. Effects: Fragmented sleep, low oxygen levels, increased risk of heart problems.
What are the causes and effects of insomnia?
Causes: Stress, anxiety, poor sleep habits. Effects: Difficulty falling/staying asleep, daytime fatigue, impaired cognitive function.
What are the causes and effects of narcolepsy?
Causes: Autoimmune destruction of hypocretin-producing cells. Effects: Excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden sleep attacks, cataplexy.
What are the causes and effects of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?
Causes: Neurological disorders, medication side effects. Effects: Loss of muscle atonia during REM, acting out dreams, potential injury.
What are the causes and effects of somnambulism (sleepwalking)?
Causes: Genetics, sleep deprivation, fever. Effects: Performing complex actions during sleep, lack of awareness, potential for injury.