Damage can lead to various vision disorders, such as prosopagnosia and blindsight.

The eyeball is too long, causing images to focus in front of the retina.

The eyeball is too short, causing images to focus behind the retina.

Result when certain ganglion cells are activated while others are not, creating opposing color sensations.

Irregularities or damage to cones or ganglion cells, leading to difficulty distinguishing between red and green or blue and yellow.

Absence of color vision, seeing only shades of gray due to the absence of functioning cones.

Sensory adaptation occurs, leading to reduced sensitivity to the stimulus.

Can lead to color vision deficiencies.

Creates a blind spot in the visual field.

Light adaptation occurs when moving from a dark environment to a bright environment.

The JND is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus.

Three types of cones (red, green, blue) in the fovea process color and detail.

Ganglion cells in the retina are activated in opposing pairs (red/green, blue/yellow, black/white).

Adjusting from dark to bright light. Rods become less sensitive, and cones take over.

Adjusting from bright to dark light. Cones become less sensitive, and rods become more sensitive.

Inability to recognize faces due to damage to the occipital lobe.

Ability to respond to visual stimuli without consciously perceiving them, due to damage in the visual cortex.

Eyeball is too long, images focus in front of the retina.

Eyeball is too short, images focus behind the retina.

Damage or irregularities to cones or ganglion cells, leading to difficulty distinguishing colors.

Sensation is the detection of stimuli, while perception is the interpretation of those stimuli. Sensation provides raw data, and perception gives it meaning.

Trichromatic theory explains color vision based on three types of cones, while opponent-process theory explains it based on opposing pairs of colors processed by ganglion cells.

Rods are in the periphery and detect shapes/movement in low light. Cones are in the fovea and process color and detail in bright light.

Sensory adaptation occurs at the receptor level, reducing sensitivity to a constant stimulus. Habituation is a cognitive process where you learn to ignore a stimulus.

Nearsightedness (myopia) is when the eyeball is too long, causing images to focus in front of the retina. Farsightedness (hyperopia) is when the eyeball is too short, causing images to focus behind the retina.

Dichromatism is difficulty distinguishing between certain colors, while monochromatism is the absence of color vision, seeing only shades of gray.

Light adaptation is adjusting from dark to bright light, while dark adaptation is adjusting from bright to dark light. Different cells are more active in each.

Absolute threshold is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus, while JND is the smallest change in a stimulus that can be detected.

Sensory interaction is when multiple senses work together to process information, while synesthesia is when stimulation of one sense triggers experiences in another.

The retina captures light and converts it into neural signals, while the brain processes these signals to create a visual image.