Sensation is the detection of stimuli, while perception is the interpretation of those stimuli. Sensation provides raw data, and perception gives it meaning.

Trichromatic theory explains color vision based on three types of cones, while opponent-process theory explains it based on opposing pairs of colors processed by ganglion cells.

Rods are in the periphery and detect shapes/movement in low light. Cones are in the fovea and process color and detail in bright light.

Sensory adaptation occurs at the receptor level, reducing sensitivity to a constant stimulus. Habituation is a cognitive process where you learn to ignore a stimulus.

Nearsightedness (myopia) is when the eyeball is too long, causing images to focus in front of the retina. Farsightedness (hyperopia) is when the eyeball is too short, causing images to focus behind the retina.

Dichromatism is difficulty distinguishing between certain colors, while monochromatism is the absence of color vision, seeing only shades of gray.

Light adaptation is adjusting from dark to bright light, while dark adaptation is adjusting from bright to dark light. Different cells are more active in each.

Absolute threshold is the minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus, while JND is the smallest change in a stimulus that can be detected.

Sensory interaction is when multiple senses work together to process information, while synesthesia is when stimulation of one sense triggers experiences in another.

The retina captures light and converts it into neural signals, while the brain processes these signals to create a visual image.

You stop noticing the feeling of your socks after a while.

Taste and smell combine to create flavor.

Seeing colors when you hear music.

You'll notice the difference between 10 and 11 pounds more easily than between 100 and 101 pounds.

Sensory adaptation happens at the receptor level, while habituation is a cognitive process.

Afterimages result when certain ganglion cells are activated while others are not, creating opposing color sensations.

The brain uses surrounding visual information to create a continuous and complete picture, filling in the gap.

The brain fills in gaps to create a continuous motion, even though it's a series of still images.

The lens changes shape to become thicker and more curved, allowing light from nearby objects to focus on the retina.

The lens changes shape to become thinner and flatter, allowing light from faraway objects to focus on the retina.

The JND is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus.

Three types of cones (red, green, blue) in the fovea process color and detail.

Ganglion cells in the retina are activated in opposing pairs (red/green, blue/yellow, black/white).

Adjusting from dark to bright light. Rods become less sensitive, and cones take over.

Adjusting from bright to dark light. Cones become less sensitive, and rods become more sensitive.

Inability to recognize faces due to damage to the occipital lobe.

Ability to respond to visual stimuli without consciously perceiving them, due to damage in the visual cortex.

Eyeball is too long, images focus in front of the retina.

Eyeball is too short, images focus behind the retina.

Damage or irregularities to cones or ganglion cells, leading to difficulty distinguishing colors.