All Flashcards
What is the effect of damage to the occipital lobe?
Damage can lead to various vision disorders, such as prosopagnosia and blindsight.
What causes nearsightedness?
The eyeball is too long, causing images to focus in front of the retina.
What causes farsightedness?
The eyeball is too short, causing images to focus behind the retina.
What causes afterimages?
Result when certain ganglion cells are activated while others are not, creating opposing color sensations.
What causes dichromatism?
Irregularities or damage to cones or ganglion cells, leading to difficulty distinguishing between red and green or blue and yellow.
What causes monochromatism?
Absence of color vision, seeing only shades of gray due to the absence of functioning cones.
What is the effect of constant exposure to a stimulus?
Sensory adaptation occurs, leading to reduced sensitivity to the stimulus.
What is the effect of damage to the cones?
Can lead to color vision deficiencies.
What is the effect of the optic nerve leaving the eye?
Creates a blind spot in the visual field.
What is the effect of rods becoming less sensitive and cones taking over?
Light adaptation occurs when moving from a dark environment to a bright environment.
What is Weber's Law?
The JND is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus.
What is the Trichromatic Theory of color vision?
Three types of cones (red, green, blue) in the fovea process color and detail.
What is the Opponent-Process Theory of color vision?
Ganglion cells in the retina are activated in opposing pairs (red/green, blue/yellow, black/white).
Explain the concept of light adaptation.
Adjusting from dark to bright light. Rods become less sensitive, and cones take over.
Explain the concept of dark adaptation.
Adjusting from bright to dark light. Cones become less sensitive, and rods become more sensitive.
What is Prosopagnosia?
Inability to recognize faces due to damage to the occipital lobe.
What is Blindsight?
Ability to respond to visual stimuli without consciously perceiving them, due to damage in the visual cortex.
What is Nearsightedness (Myopia)?
Eyeball is too long, images focus in front of the retina.
What is Farsightedness (Hyperopia)?
Eyeball is too short, images focus behind the retina.
What is Color Vision Deficiency?
Damage or irregularities to cones or ganglion cells, leading to difficulty distinguishing colors.
What is Sensation?
The process of receiving and encoding raw sensory information.
What is Perception?
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, allowing us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
What is Transduction?
The process of converting stimuli into neural signals that the brain can understand.
What is Absolute Threshold?
The minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time.
What is Just Noticeable Difference (JND)?
The smallest change in a stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time.
What is Sensory Adaptation?
Reduced sensitivity to a constant stimulus.
What is Sensory Interaction?
Different senses working together to create a complete experience.
What is Synesthesia?
A condition where stimulation of one sense triggers experiences in another.
What is the Retina?
The light-sensitive surface at the back of the eye where visual information is captured.
What is Lens Accommodation?
The lens changes shape to focus light on the retina.