All Flashcards
Give an example of sensory adaptation.
You stop noticing the feeling of your socks after a while.
Give an example of sensory interaction.
Taste and smell combine to create flavor.
Give an example of synesthesia.
Seeing colors when you hear music.
How does Weber's Law apply to volume control?
You'll notice the difference between 10 and 11 pounds more easily than between 100 and 101 pounds.
How does sensory adaptation relate to habituation?
Sensory adaptation happens at the receptor level, while habituation is a cognitive process.
How does the opponent-process theory explain afterimages?
Afterimages result when certain ganglion cells are activated while others are not, creating opposing color sensations.
How does the brain fill in the blind spot?
The brain uses surrounding visual information to create a continuous and complete picture, filling in the gap.
How does the brain process a movie?
The brain fills in gaps to create a continuous motion, even though it's a series of still images.
How does lens accommodation work when focusing on a close object?
The lens changes shape to become thicker and more curved, allowing light from nearby objects to focus on the retina.
How does lens accommodation work when focusing on a distant object?
The lens changes shape to become thinner and flatter, allowing light from faraway objects to focus on the retina.
What is Sensation?
The process of receiving and encoding raw sensory information.
What is Perception?
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, allowing us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
What is Transduction?
The process of converting stimuli into neural signals that the brain can understand.
What is Absolute Threshold?
The minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time.
What is Just Noticeable Difference (JND)?
The smallest change in a stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time.
What is Sensory Adaptation?
Reduced sensitivity to a constant stimulus.
What is Sensory Interaction?
Different senses working together to create a complete experience.
What is Synesthesia?
A condition where stimulation of one sense triggers experiences in another.
What is the Retina?
The light-sensitive surface at the back of the eye where visual information is captured.
What is Lens Accommodation?
The lens changes shape to focus light on the retina.
What is Weber's Law?
The JND is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus.
What is the Trichromatic Theory of color vision?
Three types of cones (red, green, blue) in the fovea process color and detail.
What is the Opponent-Process Theory of color vision?
Ganglion cells in the retina are activated in opposing pairs (red/green, blue/yellow, black/white).
Explain the concept of light adaptation.
Adjusting from dark to bright light. Rods become less sensitive, and cones take over.
Explain the concept of dark adaptation.
Adjusting from bright to dark light. Cones become less sensitive, and rods become more sensitive.
What is Prosopagnosia?
Inability to recognize faces due to damage to the occipital lobe.
What is Blindsight?
Ability to respond to visual stimuli without consciously perceiving them, due to damage in the visual cortex.
What is Nearsightedness (Myopia)?
Eyeball is too long, images focus in front of the retina.
What is Farsightedness (Hyperopia)?
Eyeball is too short, images focus behind the retina.
What is Color Vision Deficiency?
Damage or irregularities to cones or ganglion cells, leading to difficulty distinguishing colors.