Fitting new info into existing schemas.

Changing existing schemas to fit new info that doesn't quite fit.

Judging based on how well something matches our stereotypes or prototypes.

Judging based on how easily examples come to mind.

The belief that random events are influenced by past outcomes.

Continuing to invest in something because of the resources you've already put in, even if it's not rational.

Cognitive processes are how we make sense of the world, including forming concepts and making decisions.

Schemas organize our knowledge and expectations about the world, acting like scripts for how things usually go.

Heuristics are mental shortcuts that allow us to make quick decisions, but they can also lead to judgment errors.

The way information is presented (framing) can significantly change our perception and choices, even if the underlying facts are the same.

Inhibitory control allows us to suppress impulses and distractions, enabling better focus and decision-making.

Assimilation fits new information into existing schemas, while accommodation changes existing schemas to fit new information.

Algorithms are step-by-step procedures that guarantee a solution, while heuristics are mental shortcuts that help us make quick decisions but don't guarantee accuracy.

Representativeness heuristic judges based on stereotypes, while availability heuristic judges based on how easily examples come to mind.

Divergent thinking explores multiple solutions, while functional fixedness limits thinking to the traditional use of an object.

Gambler's fallacy is the belief that past random events influence future ones, while the sunk-cost fallacy is continuing to invest in something due to prior investments.

Priming involves exposure to a stimulus influencing a subsequent response, while framing involves how information is presented affecting perception.

Concepts are mental categories grouping similar things, while schemas are mental frameworks organizing knowledge and expectations.

Creativity is the ability to generate novel ideas, while executive functions are higher-order processes for planning and organization.

The mental manipulation of information.

Finding solutions to challenges.

Evaluating information to form opinions.

Choosing between different options.

Mental categories that group similar things together.

The best example of a concept.

Mental frameworks that organize our knowledge and expectations about the world.

Step-by-step procedures that guarantee a solution if followed correctly.

Mental shortcuts or 'rules of thumb' that help us make quick decisions.

The tendency to approach problems in a way that has worked in the past, even if it's not the best approach now.

Exposure to one stimulus influencing our response to a subsequent stimulus.

How information is presented can change our perception and choices.

Higher-order cognitive processes that help us plan, organize, and regulate our thoughts and behaviors.

The ability to generate novel and valuable ideas.

Exploring multiple solutions or perspectives to a problem.

The inability to see alternative uses for an object because we're fixated on its typical use.