Cognition

Changing an existing schema to fit new information.

Ignoring new information that doesn't fit an existing schema.

Fitting new information into an existing schema.

Creating a completely new schema for every new experience.

Assimilation

Accommodation

Priming

Mental Set

Schemas always lead to accurate and unbiased perceptions.

Schemas can cause us to ignore information that contradicts our existing beliefs, reinforcing stereotypes.

Schemas only affect our memory, not our perceptions.

Schemas help us to be more open-minded and accepting of new information.

Algorithms are faster but less accurate than heuristics.

Algorithms guarantee a solution, while heuristics are mental shortcuts that may not always lead to the correct answer.

Heuristics are more time-consuming than algorithms.

Heuristics are always more accurate than algorithms.

Algorithms are too simple to solve complex problems.

Algorithms require too much time and computational resources for complex problems.

Algorithms are only useful for solving mathematical problems.

Algorithms are prone to errors when dealing with large amounts of data.

Step-by-step procedures that guarantee a solution.

Mental shortcuts or 'rules of thumb' that help us make quick decisions.

Detailed plans for solving complex problems.

Mathematical formulas used to calculate probabilities.

By making us overestimate the likelihood of events that are easily recalled.

By causing us to ignore base rates and focus on how well something matches our stereotypes.

By making us believe that random events are influenced by past outcomes.

By causing us to continue investing in something because of the resources we've already put in.

A specific golden retriever named Buddy.

The general idea of 'dog' that includes features like four legs and fur.

A mental image of your childhood home.

The feeling of happiness when you see a puppy.

Quickly identifying a robin as a bird, but taking longer to classify a penguin.

Creating a detailed list of all the characteristics of different birds.

Mistaking a bat for a bird because they both fly.

Learning the scientific classification of all bird species.

Prototypes are universal and not influenced by culture.

People from different cultures will have different typical examples of birds based on their local environment and experiences.

Only experts in ornithology are able to form prototypes of birds.

Cultural differences only affect the scientific classification of birds, not the prototypes.