All Flashcards
Compare the psychodynamic and humanistic views on the role of the unconscious.
Psychodynamic theory emphasizes the unconscious as a reservoir of repressed conflicts, while humanistic theory focuses on conscious experience and self-awareness.
Compare the psychodynamic and humanistic approaches to therapy.
Psychodynamic therapy aims to uncover unconscious conflicts through techniques like free association, while humanistic therapy emphasizes empathy and unconditional positive regard to promote self-discovery.
Contrast psychodynamic and humanistic views on human nature.
Psychodynamic theory views human nature as inherently conflicted and driven by unconscious desires, while humanistic theory sees humans as inherently good and striving for self-actualization.
Compare how psychodynamic and humanistic theories explain anxiety.
Psychodynamic theory explains anxiety as a result of unresolved unconscious conflicts, whereas humanistic theory attributes it to incongruence between one's ideal self and actual self.
Contrast the focus of psychodynamic and humanistic theories regarding the past and future.
Psychodynamic theory emphasizes the impact of past experiences on current behavior, while humanistic theory focuses on the present and future potential for growth.
Compare the roles of the therapist in psychodynamic and humanistic approaches.
In psychodynamic therapy, the therapist acts as an interpreter of unconscious conflicts, while in humanistic therapy, the therapist serves as a facilitator of self-exploration and personal growth.
Contrast the methods used in psychodynamic and humanistic assessments.
Psychodynamic assessments often involve projective tests to uncover hidden motivations, while humanistic assessments may use self-report measures to understand an individual's subjective experience.
Compare the goals of psychodynamic and humanistic interventions.
Psychodynamic interventions aim to resolve unconscious conflicts and gain insight into past experiences, while humanistic interventions focus on promoting self-acceptance, self-awareness, and personal fulfillment.
Contrast the emphasis on determinism versus free will in psychodynamic and humanistic theories.
Psychodynamic theory suggests that behavior is largely determined by unconscious forces, while humanistic theory emphasizes the individual's capacity for free will and self-determination.
Compare the views of psychodynamic and humanistic theories on the origins of personality.
Psychodynamic theory attributes personality development to early childhood experiences and psychosexual stages, while humanistic theory emphasizes the individual's ongoing quest for self-actualization and personal meaning.
What is the effect of unresolved conflicts between the id, ego, and superego?
Psychological distress, anxiety, and the development of defense mechanisms.
What is the effect of using defense mechanisms?
Short-term reduction of anxiety, but potential long-term distortion of reality and maladaptive behavior.
What is the effect of receiving unconditional positive regard?
Development of a positive self-concept, high self-esteem, and greater self-acceptance.
What is the effect of failing to self-actualize?
Feelings of dissatisfaction, unfulfillment, and a sense of not reaching one's full potential.
What is the cause of using repression as a defense mechanism?
Experiencing a traumatic or highly distressing event leads the unconscious to block out the memory to protect the individual.
What is the effect of consistent use of rationalization?
Individuals may develop a distorted perception of reality, avoiding personal responsibility and hindering personal growth.
What is the cause of displacement?
Feeling anger or frustration towards a person or situation that is too threatening to confront directly leads to redirecting those feelings onto a safer target.
What is the effect of consistent projection?
Damaged relationships, as individuals may blame others for their own flaws and struggles, leading to misunderstandings and conflict.
What is the cause of a strong superego?
Strict upbringing and internalization of rigid moral standards can lead to an overly critical and judgmental superego.
What is the effect of a dominant id?
Impulsive behavior, difficulty delaying gratification, and disregard for societal norms and rules.
What is the pleasure principle?
The instinctive drive to seek pleasure and avoid pain, expressed by the id as a basic motivating force.
What is the reality principle?
The ability of the ego to assess the reality of the external world and act upon it accordingly, mediating the id's demands.
Explain the core idea of psychodynamic theory.
Personality is shaped by unconscious processes, childhood experiences, and conflicts among the id, ego, and superego.
Explain the core idea of humanistic theory.
Emphasizes the inherent goodness and potential for growth in each individual, focusing on self-actualization and subjective experience.
What is the significance of childhood experiences in psychodynamic theory?
Early experiences and relationships shape unconscious processes and influence personality development.
What role does free will play in humanistic theory?
Humanistic theory emphasizes free will and the individual's capacity for making choices and directing their own lives.
What is the focus of humanistic psychology?
The present moment and subjective experience, emphasizing personal growth and potential.
What is the goal of projective tests?
To reveal unconscious thoughts and motivations by interpreting responses to ambiguous stimuli.
Describe the Rorschach Inkblot Test.
A projective test where interpretations of inkblots are used to assess personality characteristics and emotional functioning.
Describe the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
A projective test where individuals create stories about ambiguous pictures to uncover recurring themes and patterns in their thoughts and feelings.