The instinctive drive to seek pleasure and avoid pain, expressed by the id as a basic motivating force.

The ability of the ego to assess the reality of the external world and act upon it accordingly, mediating the id's demands.

Personality is shaped by unconscious processes, childhood experiences, and conflicts among the id, ego, and superego.

Emphasizes the inherent goodness and potential for growth in each individual, focusing on self-actualization and subjective experience.

Early experiences and relationships shape unconscious processes and influence personality development.

Humanistic theory emphasizes free will and the individual's capacity for making choices and directing their own lives.

The present moment and subjective experience, emphasizing personal growth and potential.

To reveal unconscious thoughts and motivations by interpreting responses to ambiguous stimuli.

A projective test where interpretations of inkblots are used to assess personality characteristics and emotional functioning.

A projective test where individuals create stories about ambiguous pictures to uncover recurring themes and patterns in their thoughts and feelings.

Psychological distress, anxiety, and the development of defense mechanisms.

Short-term reduction of anxiety, but potential long-term distortion of reality and maladaptive behavior.

Development of a positive self-concept, high self-esteem, and greater self-acceptance.

Feelings of dissatisfaction, unfulfillment, and a sense of not reaching one's full potential.

Experiencing a traumatic or highly distressing event leads the unconscious to block out the memory to protect the individual.

Individuals may develop a distorted perception of reality, avoiding personal responsibility and hindering personal growth.

Feeling anger or frustration towards a person or situation that is too threatening to confront directly leads to redirecting those feelings onto a safer target.

Damaged relationships, as individuals may blame others for their own flaws and struggles, leading to misunderstandings and conflict.

Strict upbringing and internalization of rigid moral standards can lead to an overly critical and judgmental superego.

Impulsive behavior, difficulty delaying gratification, and disregard for societal norms and rules.

The part of the mind containing thoughts, desires, and memories not accessible to awareness but influencing behavior.

The primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and operates on the pleasure principle.

The component of personality that mediates between the desires of the id and the reality of the external world, operating on the reality principle.

The part of the personality that represents internalized moral standards and values, often referred to as the conscience.

Unconscious psychological strategies used to protect a person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings.

An unconscious defense mechanism that keeps disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming conscious.

Redirecting emotions from a threatening target to a less threatening one.

Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to another person.

Justifying unacceptable behaviors or feelings with logical reasons.

Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.

Acceptance and love without conditions attached, crucial for healthy self-concept development.

The realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities, considered as a drive or need present in everyone.