All Flashcards
Explain the core idea of Social-Cognitive Theory.
Personality is shaped by the interaction of thoughts, actions, and environment.
Describe the key principle of Reciprocal Determinism.
Personal, behavioral, and environmental factors influence each other bidirectionally.
What is the significance of Self-Efficacy in Social-Cognitive Theory?
It impacts goal setting, persistence, and resilience in the face of challenges.
Why is Self-Esteem important?
It influences self-perception and confidence.
What is the focus of trait theories?
Identifying and measuring stable characteristics that make up personality.
What does the Big Five model attempt to explain?
The fundamental dimensions of personality using five broad traits.
What is the role of traits?
Traits influence thoughts, emotions, and behaviors consistently across situations.
What is the biological basis of the Big Five?
These traits are considered universal and have a genetic component.
How are the Big Five traits measured?
Through personality inventories using questionnaires.
What is the purpose of factor analysis in personality research?
To identify underlying personality dimensions by grouping related traits.
What is the relationship between traits and responses?
Traits are relatively consistent over time and lead to typical responses.
What is reciprocal determinism?
The interaction of personal, behavioral, and environmental factors influencing each other.
Define self-concept.
Your overall view of your attributes, abilities, and roles in relation to others; your personal identity.
What is self-efficacy?
Your belief in your ability to succeed and achieve goals.
Define self-esteem.
Your overall evaluation of your own worth and value.
What are personality traits?
Enduring characteristics influencing thoughts, emotions, and behaviors across situations.
Define Openness to Experience.
A Big Five trait reflecting curiosity, imagination, and a preference for novelty.
What is Conscientiousness?
A Big Five trait reflecting organization, discipline, and responsibility.
Define Extraversion.
A Big Five trait reflecting sociability, outgoingness, and assertiveness.
What is Agreeableness?
A Big Five trait reflecting compassion, cooperation, and empathy.
Define Neuroticism.
A Big Five trait reflecting emotional instability, anxiety, and reactivity.
What are personality inventories?
Questionnaires used to measure an individual's standing on various personality traits.
What is factor analysis?
A statistical technique used to identify underlying dimensions of personality by grouping related items.
How does high self-efficacy affect performance?
Leads to setting challenging goals, persistence, and resilience.
What is the impact of low self-esteem on behavior?
Can result in self-doubt, negative self-views, and avoidance of challenges.
What are the effects of high conscientiousness on academic success?
Improved organization, discipline, and responsible behavior leading to better grades.
How does high neuroticism impact relationships?
Can lead to emotional instability, anxiety, and relationship difficulties.
How does reciprocal determinism influence behavior?
Creates a continuous feedback loop where personal, behavioral, and environmental factors shape actions.
What are the effects of low openness to experience on creativity?
Reduced curiosity, imagination, and willingness to explore new ideas, hindering innovation.
How does high agreeableness impact team dynamics?
Promotes cooperation, empathy, and conflict resolution, fostering positive teamwork.
What are the effects of low extraversion on social interactions?
Increased shyness, reserved nature, and preference for solitary activities.
How does the environment influence self-concept?
Provides feedback and shapes beliefs about who you are and what you can do.
What is the impact of life experiences on personality traits?
While traits are generally stable, significant life events can influence and modify them.