All Flashcards
What is the effect of stigma on individuals with mental disorders?
Stigma can lead to discrimination, social exclusion, and reduced access to treatment.
How can unresolved childhood conflicts affect mental health?
Unresolved conflicts and repressed emotions can contribute to the development of psychological disorders.
What is the effect of negative self-talk on mental health?
Negative self-talk can contribute to feelings of depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem.
What is the effect of social support on mental health?
Lack of social support can contribute to the development of psychological disorders.
What is the effect of neurotransmitter imbalances on mental health?
Imbalances in neurotransmitters can contribute to the development of disorders like depression and anxiety.
What is the effect of cultural norms on the expression of distress?
Cultural norms can influence how individuals express distress, leading to variations in symptom presentation.
What is the effect of genetic vulnerability on the development of disorders?
Genetic vulnerability increases the likelihood of developing a disorder when combined with environmental stressors.
What is the impact of societal pressure on mental health?
Societal pressures, such as unrealistic beauty standards, can contribute to mental health issues like eating disorders.
What is the effect of traumatic experiences on mental health?
Traumatic experiences can lead to the development of disorders like PTSD and depression.
What is the effect of maladaptive relationships on mental health?
Maladaptive relationships can contribute to mental health issues like anxiety and depression.
Compare the Behavioral and Cognitive perspectives on anxiety disorders.
Behavioral: Anxiety arises from learned associations. Cognitive: Anxiety arises from maladaptive thought patterns.
Compare the Psychodynamic and Humanistic perspectives on the causes of disorders.
Psychodynamic: Unconscious conflicts. Humanistic: Lack of social support and inability to fulfill potential.
Compare the DSM and ICD.
Both categorize disorders based on symptoms and criteria. DSM is used in the US, ICD is used internationally.
Compare the Biological and Evolutionary perspectives on depression.
Biological: Focuses on neurotransmitter imbalances. Evolutionary: Depression may be a maladaptive response to loss.
Compare the Sociocultural and Biological perspectives on schizophrenia.
Sociocultural: Emphasizes social and environmental factors. Biological: Focuses on genetic and neurological factors.
Compare the Behavioral and Sociocultural perspectives on substance use disorders.
Behavioral: Focuses on learned behaviors and reinforcement. Sociocultural: Considers the influence of social norms and environment.
Compare the Cognitive and Psychodynamic perspectives on personality disorders.
Cognitive: Focuses on maladaptive thought patterns. Psychodynamic: Emphasizes early childhood experiences and unresolved conflicts.
Compare the Humanistic and Evolutionary perspectives on anxiety.
Humanistic: Anxiety arises from a lack of self-acceptance and personal growth. Evolutionary: Anxiety may have been adaptive in ancestral environments.
Compare the Biopsychosocial model with the Biological perspective.
Biopsychosocial: Emphasizes the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. Biological: Focuses primarily on genetic and physiological factors.
Compare the Diathesis-Stress model with the Sociocultural perspective.
Diathesis-Stress: Focuses on the interaction of genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors. Sociocultural: Emphasizes the influence of social and cultural factors.
Define 'Dysfunction' in the context of psychological disorders.
The extent to which a condition interferes with a person's ability to maintain relationships and carry out daily tasks.
Define 'Distress' in the context of psychological disorders.
The emotional pain and suffering a person experiences due to a psychological condition.
Define 'Deviance' in the context of psychological disorders.
The extent to which a person's thoughts and behaviors differ significantly from social norms.
What is the DSM?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; used in the US to categorize disorders based on specific symptoms and criteria.
What is the ICD?
International Classification of Mental Disorders; used internationally, serves a similar purpose as DSM.
Define 'Classical Conditioning'.
A type of learning where an association is made between a neutral stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
Define 'Operant Conditioning'.
A type of learning where behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.
Define 'Maladaptive thoughts'.
Thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes that are unhelpful and contribute to psychological distress.
Define 'Diathesis'.
A genetic vulnerability or predisposition to developing a psychological disorder.
Define 'Biopsychosocial Model'.
A model that recognizes that psychological problems involve a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.