All Flashcards
What is the effect of stigma on individuals with mental disorders?
Stigma can lead to discrimination, social exclusion, and reduced access to treatment.
How can unresolved childhood conflicts affect mental health?
Unresolved conflicts and repressed emotions can contribute to the development of psychological disorders.
What is the effect of negative self-talk on mental health?
Negative self-talk can contribute to feelings of depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem.
What is the effect of social support on mental health?
Lack of social support can contribute to the development of psychological disorders.
What is the effect of neurotransmitter imbalances on mental health?
Imbalances in neurotransmitters can contribute to the development of disorders like depression and anxiety.
What is the effect of cultural norms on the expression of distress?
Cultural norms can influence how individuals express distress, leading to variations in symptom presentation.
What is the effect of genetic vulnerability on the development of disorders?
Genetic vulnerability increases the likelihood of developing a disorder when combined with environmental stressors.
What is the impact of societal pressure on mental health?
Societal pressures, such as unrealistic beauty standards, can contribute to mental health issues like eating disorders.
What is the effect of traumatic experiences on mental health?
Traumatic experiences can lead to the development of disorders like PTSD and depression.
What is the effect of maladaptive relationships on mental health?
Maladaptive relationships can contribute to mental health issues like anxiety and depression.
How does classical conditioning apply to phobias?
Phobias can develop from traumatic experiences through classical conditioning (e.g., fear of dogs after being bitten).
How does operant conditioning apply to self-harm?
Self-harm behaviors can be reinforced by attention or relief from emotional pain.
How can cultural biases affect disorder diagnosis?
Biases (racism, sexism, ageism) can lead to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis in certain populations.
Give an example of the application of the biopsychosocial model.
Understanding depression involves considering genetic predispositions, negative thought patterns, and social isolation.
How is the cognitive perspective applied to treating anxiety?
Identifying and challenging maladaptive thought patterns that contribute to anxiety.
How might the humanistic perspective be applied in therapy?
Providing unconditional positive regard and support to help individuals fulfill their potential.
How can the sociocultural perspective explain eating disorders?
Societal pressures and cultural ideals of thinness can contribute to the development of eating disorders.
How can the diathesis-stress model explain PTSD?
Individuals with a genetic predisposition to anxiety may develop PTSD after experiencing a severe trauma.
How might the evolutionary perspective explain anxiety disorders?
Anxiety may have been adaptive in ancestral environments but is now maladaptive in modern contexts.
How is the biological perspective applied in treating depression?
Using medications to correct imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin.
Define 'Dysfunction' in the context of psychological disorders.
The extent to which a condition interferes with a person's ability to maintain relationships and carry out daily tasks.
Define 'Distress' in the context of psychological disorders.
The emotional pain and suffering a person experiences due to a psychological condition.
Define 'Deviance' in the context of psychological disorders.
The extent to which a person's thoughts and behaviors differ significantly from social norms.
What is the DSM?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; used in the US to categorize disorders based on specific symptoms and criteria.
What is the ICD?
International Classification of Mental Disorders; used internationally, serves a similar purpose as DSM.
Define 'Classical Conditioning'.
A type of learning where an association is made between a neutral stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
Define 'Operant Conditioning'.
A type of learning where behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.
Define 'Maladaptive thoughts'.
Thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes that are unhelpful and contribute to psychological distress.
Define 'Diathesis'.
A genetic vulnerability or predisposition to developing a psychological disorder.
Define 'Biopsychosocial Model'.
A model that recognizes that psychological problems involve a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.