Development and Learning
Which of the following is the BEST example of a teratogen?
A healthy diet rich in vitamins and minerals.
Exposure to alcohol during pregnancy.
Regular exercise during pregnancy.
Prenatal care and check-ups.
According to the provided text, why are teratogens particularly harmful during critical periods of prenatal development?
Because the fetus is more resilient during these periods.
Because exposure during these periods can cause the most damage.
Because teratogens are less potent during these periods.
Because the mother's body is better able to filter out teratogens during these periods.
Which of the following scenarios BEST illustrates the potential impact of multiple teratogens on a developing fetus?
A pregnant woman maintains a healthy diet and attends all prenatal appointments.
A pregnant woman consumes a balanced diet and engages in moderate exercise.
A pregnant woman occasionally drinks alcohol, smokes cigarettes, and lives in an area with high levels of air pollution.
A pregnant woman takes prescribed medication under the guidance of her doctor.
Which of the following genetic disorders is specifically mentioned in the provided text as an example of a genetic mutation that can affect development?
Cystic fibrosis
Huntington's disease
Down syndrome
Tay-Sachs disease
How does Down syndrome, a genetic mutation, primarily affect physical development, according to the note?
It causes rapid and accelerated growth.
It results from an extra chromosome 21.
It leads to enhanced motor skills.
It has no impact on physical development.
A researcher is studying the ethical implications of prenatal genetic screening for conditions like sickle cell anemia. Which of the following considerations would be MOST relevant to their analysis?
The cost-effectiveness of genetic screening programs.
The potential for discrimination based on genetic information.
The availability of treatment options for genetic disorders.
The impact of genetic screening on maternal anxiety levels.
Which of the following is the BEST example of a gross motor skill?
Tying shoelaces
Drawing a picture
Crawling
Buttoning a shirt

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According to the text, what is the typical sequence of gross motor skill development in infants?
Running, then walking, then crawling.
Walking, then crawling, then running.
Crawling, then walking, then running.
Jumping, then crawling, then walking.
A developmental psychologist observes that a 2-year-old child is unable to walk independently and has difficulty maintaining balance. How might this delayed gross motor skill development be interpreted, according to the text?
It is a normal variation in development and requires no further investigation.
It may indicate underlying developmental issues that warrant further evaluation.
It is solely due to a lack of parental encouragement.
It is primarily caused by poor nutrition.
Which of the following activities BEST exemplifies a fine motor skill?
Kicking a ball
Lifting a heavy object
Grasping a small toy
Running across a room