All Flashcards
How is the circadian rhythm related to jet lag?
Jet lag is caused by the disruption of the circadian rhythm when traveling across time zones.
How can understanding sleep stages help treat sleep disorders?
Identifying the affected sleep stage can help tailor treatments for disorders like insomnia or sleep apnea.
How does sleep deprivation affect cognitive functions?
Sleep deprivation impairs concentration, memory, and problem-solving abilities.
How can knowledge of REM sleep benefit students?
Understanding that memory consolidation occurs during REM sleep can encourage better sleep habits for improved learning.
How is melatonin used to treat sleep problems?
Melatonin supplements can help regulate the sleep-wake cycle and improve sleep quality.
How does the SCN regulate sleep?
The SCN responds to light, signaling the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production and regulate the sleep-wake cycle.
How do sleep studies use EEGs?
EEGs measure brain activity during sleep studies to identify sleep stages and diagnose sleep disorders.
What is the circadian rhythm?
The body's natural 24-hour cycle regulating sleep-wake patterns, body temperature, and hormone release.
What is the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)?
The control center for the circadian rhythm, located in the hypothalamus.
What is melatonin?
A hormone that increases in the evening to prepare for sleep and decreases in the morning to wake up.
What are EEGs?
Electroencephalograms used to measure brain activity during sleep.
What are beta waves?
Brain waves associated with being awake and alert.
What are alpha waves?
Brain waves associated with being relaxed but still awake.
What are theta waves?
Brain waves present during NREM-1 sleep stage.
What are delta waves?
Slow brain waves that characterize NREM-3 (deep sleep).
What are sleep spindles?
Sudden bursts of rapid brain activity during NREM-2 sleep.
What is REM sleep?
A sleep stage with rapid eye movements, high brain activity, and dreaming; also known as paradoxical sleep.
What is sleep paralysis?
Muscle paralysis that can occur if awakened during REM sleep.
What is REM rebound?
Spending more time in REM sleep after being sleep-deprived.
Define manifest content (Freud).
The actual storyline of a dream.
Define latent content (Freud).
The underlying, symbolic meaning of a dream.
Compare night terrors and nightmares.
Night terrors occur in NREM-3, involve incoherent chatter/movement, and are common in children. Nightmares occur in REM sleep and are vivid dreams.
Compare insomnia and narcolepsy.
Insomnia is difficulty falling/staying asleep. Narcolepsy involves sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks.
Compare manifest and latent content in Freud's dream theory.
Manifest content is the dream's actual storyline, while latent content is the underlying, symbolic meaning.