All Flashcards
What are the effects of sleep deprivation?
Impaired concentration, drowsiness, weakened immune system, and increased risk of accidents.
What are the causes of insomnia?
Stress, anxiety, poor sleep habits, and underlying medical conditions.
What are the effects of REM rebound?
Increased time spent in REM sleep, leading to more vivid dreams.
What causes night terrors?
Often triggered by fever, stress, or sleep deprivation, occurring during NREM-3.
What are the effects of sleep apnea?
Frequent awakenings, daytime sleepiness, and increased risk of cardiovascular problems.
What causes narcolepsy?
Likely genetic factors combined with environmental triggers, leading to sudden sleep attacks.
What is the evolutionary perspective on sleep?
Sleep serves functions like protection, restoration, memory consolidation, creative thinking, and growth.
What is the function of NREM-3 sleep?
Deep sleep characterized by delta waves, growth hormone release, and reduced heart rate/respiration.
What is paradoxical sleep?
Another name for REM sleep, characterized by high brain activity and muscle paralysis.
What is Freud's theory of dreaming?
Dreams have manifest (actual storyline) and latent (underlying symbolic) content.
Describe the memory filing theory of dreaming.
Dreams help us process and store memories.
Describe the neural pathway development theory of dreaming.
Dreams help develop and preserve neural pathways.
Describe the neural static theory of dreaming.
Dreams are a way to make sense of random neural activity.
Describe the cognitive development theory of dreaming.
Dreams reflect our cognitive development.
What is the hypnagogic state?
The transition from relaxed wakefulness to sleep (NREM-1).
What are K-complexes?
Brain wave patterns that occur during NREM-2 sleep.
What is plasticity?
The brain's ability to change and adapt throughout life.
What is jet lag?
Disruption of the circadian rhythm when traveling across time zones.
What is the circadian rhythm?
The body's natural 24-hour cycle regulating sleep-wake patterns, body temperature, and hormone release.
What is the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)?
The control center for the circadian rhythm, located in the hypothalamus.
What is melatonin?
A hormone that increases in the evening to prepare for sleep and decreases in the morning to wake up.
What are EEGs?
Electroencephalograms used to measure brain activity during sleep.
What are beta waves?
Brain waves associated with being awake and alert.
What are alpha waves?
Brain waves associated with being relaxed but still awake.
What are theta waves?
Brain waves present during NREM-1 sleep stage.
What are delta waves?
Slow brain waves that characterize NREM-3 (deep sleep).
What are sleep spindles?
Sudden bursts of rapid brain activity during NREM-2 sleep.
What is REM sleep?
A sleep stage with rapid eye movements, high brain activity, and dreaming; also known as paradoxical sleep.
What is sleep paralysis?
Muscle paralysis that can occur if awakened during REM sleep.
What is REM rebound?
Spending more time in REM sleep after being sleep-deprived.
Define manifest content (Freud).
The actual storyline of a dream.
Define latent content (Freud).
The underlying, symbolic meaning of a dream.