All Flashcards
What is the effect of alcohol on reaction time?
Alcohol slows reaction time, impairing motor skills and coordination.
What is the effect of cocaine on alertness?
Cocaine increases alertness and energy, but is followed by a crash.
What is the effect of opiates on pain?
Opiates reduce pain and anxiety, but are highly addictive.
What is the effect of nicotine on heart rate?
Nicotine increases heart rate and blood pressure.
What is the effect of hallucinogens on mood?
Hallucinogens can cause unpredictable mood swings, from euphoria to panic.
What is the effect of long-term alcohol use on the liver?
Long-term alcohol use can lead to liver damage, including cirrhosis.
What is the effect of opiate withdrawal?
Opiate withdrawal can cause severe physical discomfort, including muscle aches, fever, and nausea.
What is the effect of stimulant use on sleep patterns?
Stimulant use can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to insomnia and fatigue.
What is the effect of hallucinogens on sensory perception?
Hallucinogens can alter sensory perception, causing visual and auditory hallucinations.
What is the effect of drug tolerance on dosage?
Drug tolerance requires higher dosages to achieve the same effect.
What are psychoactive drugs?
Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods.
Define depressants.
Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
What are stimulants?
Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.
Define hallucinogens.
Drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
What is drug tolerance?
The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.
Define addiction.
Compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (such as gambling) despite known adverse consequences.
What are barbiturates?
Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.
Define opiates.
Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.
What is withdrawal?
The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug or behavior.
Define substance use disorder.
Continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk.
How do depressants affect the nervous system?
They slow down the central nervous system, reducing alertness and reaction time.
How do stimulants affect the nervous system?
They speed up the central nervous system, increasing alertness and energy.
How do hallucinogens affect perception?
They distort perceptions and can create sensory images without external stimuli.
Explain the concept of psychological dependence.
A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.
What is physical dependence on a drug?
A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.
How does alcohol affect judgement?
Alcohol impairs judgment by reducing self-awareness and impulse control.
How do opiates affect pain perception?
Opiates bind to receptors in the brain that reduce pain signals, providing temporary relief.
Explain the impact of nicotine as a stimulant.
Nicotine stimulates the release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, increasing alertness and reducing appetite.
How does cocaine affect dopamine levels?
Cocaine blocks the reuptake of dopamine, leading to increased dopamine levels in the synapse and intense euphoria.
What is the primary effect of hallucinogens on the brain?
Hallucinogens interfere with serotonin neurotransmitter systems, distorting perceptions and creating hallucinations.