All Flashcards
How is sensory adaptation relevant in everyday life?
Explains why we stop noticing background noises or smells after a while.
How does perceptual set influence eyewitness testimony?
Expectations can bias what eyewitnesses remember and report.
How is Weber's Law used in marketing?
Determining the just noticeable difference in price changes to influence consumer perception.
How is signal detection theory applied in airport security?
Balances correctly identifying threats with minimizing false alarms.
How does the cocktail party effect apply to studying?
Highlights the challenge of focusing on study material in a distracting environment.
How does understanding depth cues help artists?
Artists use monocular and binocular cues to create realistic depth in paintings.
How does perceptual constancy help us navigate the world?
Allows us to recognize objects despite changes in viewing angle, distance, or illumination.
How does the McGurk effect demonstrate sensory interaction?
Shows how visual information (lip movements) can influence auditory perception (what we hear).
How does understanding taste perception help chefs?
Chefs combine flavors to create balanced and appealing dishes.
How does the gate-control theory explain pain management?
Explains how massage or acupuncture might reduce pain by closing the 'gate'.
What is the effect of constant stimulation on sensory receptors?
Sensory adaptation: diminished sensitivity.
What is the effect of damage to the cochlea's receptor cells?
Sensorineural hearing loss (nerve deafness).
What is the effect of damage to the mechanical system of the ear?
Conduction hearing loss.
What is the effect of expectations on perception?
Perceptual set: perceiving what you expect to see.
What is the effect of selective attention?
Focusing conscious awareness, potentially leading to inattentional blindness.
What is the effect of retinal disparity?
Provides binocular cue for depth perception.
What is the effect of wavelength on light?
Determines the hue (color) we perceive.
What is the effect of amplitude on light?
Determines the intensity (brightness) we perceive.
What is the effect of context on perception?
Context effects: influences our perception of a stimulus.
What is the effect of the McGurk effect?
An error in perception when visual and auditory speech cues don't match.
Compare Sensation and Perception.
Sensation is the raw data received by sensory receptors; perception is the interpretation of that data.
Compare Bottom-up and Top-down Processing.
Bottom-up starts with sensory input; top-down uses prior knowledge and expectations.
Compare Monocular and Binocular Cues.
Monocular cues require one eye; binocular cues require both eyes for depth perception.
Compare Place Theory and Frequency Theory.
Place theory links pitch to the location of cochlea stimulation; frequency theory links pitch to the rate of nerve impulses.
Compare Cones and Rods.
Cones detect color and fine detail in daylight; rods detect black, white, and gray in low light.
Compare Sensorineural and Conduction Hearing Loss.
Sensorineural involves damage to the cochlea or auditory nerves; conduction involves damage to the mechanical system of the ear.
Compare the Trichromatic and Opponent-Process Theories of color vision.
Trichromatic theory proposes 3 color receptors; opponent-process proposes opposing retinal processes.