All Flashcards
How does focusing attention on a limited range of stimuli cause inattentional blindness?
Focusing on specific stimuli reduces awareness of other stimuli, leading to a failure to notice them, even if visible.
How does retinal disparity cause depth perception?
The brain uses the difference between the images seen by each eye to calculate the distance of objects.
How do cultural differences cause variations in perception?
Different cultural experiences and beliefs shape how individuals interpret sensory information, leading to variations in perception.
How does context affect perception?
The surrounding environment and prior experiences influence how we interpret sensory information, leading to altered perceptions.
What is the effect of expectations on perception?
Expectations can create a perceptual set, influencing how we interpret sensory input and potentially leading to biased perceptions.
How does brain damage affect perception?
Damage to specific brain areas can impair the ability to process sensory information, leading to perceptual deficits such as visual agnosia.
How does motivation affect perception?
Motivation can influence what we pay attention to and how we interpret sensory input, potentially leading to biased or selective perceptions.
How does understanding perceptual set help in advertising?
Advertisers can use expectations to influence how consumers perceive their products.
How is change blindness relevant to eyewitness testimony?
Eyewitnesses may not notice crucial changes in a scene, affecting the accuracy of their testimony.
How is depth perception used in art?
Artists use monocular cues like linear perspective and relative size to create a sense of depth on a flat canvas.
How does cultural background affect perception?
People from different cultures may interpret visual cues differently, such as the Muller-Lyer illusion.
How is selective attention important for driving?
Drivers need to focus on relevant stimuli (e.g., other cars, pedestrians) and ignore distractions to drive safely.
Provide an example of how schemas influence social interactions.
Stereotypes (a type of schema) can lead to biased judgments and expectations about individuals based on their group membership.
Explain the Cocktail Party Effect.
Being able to focus on one voice in a noisy environment, an example of selective attention.
Describe the influence of expectations on perception.
Perception is heavily influenced by what we expect, the context, our emotions, and motivations.
What is Size Constancy?
We perceive objects as the same size, even as they move closer or further away.
What is Shape Constancy?
We perceive objects as having the same shape, even when viewed from different angles.
What is Brightness Constancy?
We perceive objects as having the same brightness, even when lighting conditions change.
Describe the Gestalt Principle of Closure.
We fill in gaps to perceive complete patterns.
Describe the Gestalt Principle of Similarity.
We group similar objects together.
Describe the Gestalt Principle of Continuity.
We perceive continuous patterns rather than broken ones.
Describe the Gestalt Principle of Proximity.
We group close objects together.
Describe the Gestalt Principle of Good Figure.
We tend to see grouped objects as one whole object.
Describe the Gestalt Principle of Symmetry.
We perceive objects as symmetrical if they are formed around a center.