All Flashcards
Compare monocular and binocular cues.
Monocular cues require only one eye and include relative size, height, interposition, linear perspective, light and shadow, motion parallax. Binocular cues require both eyes and include retinal disparity and convergence.
Compare perceptual constancy and perceptual adaptation.
Perceptual constancy is seeing objects as stable despite changes; perceptual adaptation is adjusting to new sensory input.
Compare sensation and perception.
Sensation is the bottom-up process of detecting stimuli. Perception is the top-down process of interpreting stimuli.
What is the main idea behind Gestalt principles?
The brain actively constructs our perceptions, not just passively receive information; we naturally organize sensations into wholes.
Explain the Gestalt principle of similarity.
We group similar figures together (e.g., seeing team jerseys as a single unit).
Explain the Gestalt principle of proximity.
We group nearby figures together (e.g., seeing people sitting together as a group).
Explain the Gestalt principle of continuity.
We perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones.
Explain the Gestalt principle of closure.
We fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object.
Explain the Gestalt principle of connectedness.
We perceive uniform and linked spots, lines, or areas as a single unit.
Describe the monocular cue of relative height.
We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away.
Describe the monocular cue of relative size.
We interpret smaller objects as being more distant.
Describe the monocular cue of interposition.
If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer.
Describe the monocular cue of linear perspective.
Parallel lines appear to converge in the distance, implying depth.
Describe the monocular cue of light and shadow.
Shadows create a sense of depth, allowing us to perceive form.
Explain how shrinking objects are perceived in motion perception.
Shrinking objects are usually interpreted as moving away from us.
Explain how enlarging objects are perceived in motion perception.
Enlarging objects are usually interpreted as moving closer to us.
Describe color constancy.
Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object.
Describe size constancy.
Perception of an object as the same size regardless of the distance from which it is viewed.
How do artists use linear perspective?
To create a sense of depth in paintings by making parallel lines converge.
How is the Phi phenomenon used in advertising?
To create the illusion of movement with blinking lights to attract attention.
Give an example of perceptual adaptation.
Getting used to wearing new glasses that initially distort your vision.
How do magicians use Gestalt principles?
To manipulate our perception by creating illusions that exploit how we group and organize visual information.
How does retinal disparity help us in everyday life?
It allows us to accurately judge distances, like when reaching for a cup or catching a ball.
How does brightness constancy help us?
It allows us to identify objects regardless of lighting conditions.