All Flashcards
Compare monocular and binocular cues.
Monocular cues require only one eye and include relative size, height, interposition, linear perspective, light and shadow, motion parallax. Binocular cues require both eyes and include retinal disparity and convergence.
Compare perceptual constancy and perceptual adaptation.
Perceptual constancy is seeing objects as stable despite changes; perceptual adaptation is adjusting to new sensory input.
Compare sensation and perception.
Sensation is the bottom-up process of detecting stimuli. Perception is the top-down process of interpreting stimuli.
What is the effect of retinal disparity on depth perception?
Greater retinal disparity leads to the perception of objects being closer.
How does damage to visual cortex affect perception?
Can cause inability to perceive motion, depth, or recognize objects.
What is the effect of stroboscopic movement on our perception?
It creates the illusion of continuous motion from a series of still images.
How does context affect perceptual constancy?
Context can influence how we perceive an object's size, shape, or color, even if the actual stimulus remains the same.
How do changes in illumination affect color perception, and how does color constancy counteract this?
Changes in illumination can alter the wavelengths of light reflected by an object, potentially changing its perceived color. Color constancy allows us to perceive familiar objects as having consistent color despite these changes.
Define sensation.
Bottom-up processing; detecting stimuli.
Define perception.
Top-down processing; interpreting stimuli.
Define Gestalt.
An organized whole; our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
Define figure-ground.
The organization of visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground).
Define depth perception.
The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are two-dimensional; allows us to judge distance.
Define monocular cues.
Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone.
Define binocular cues.
Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes.
Define retinal disparity.
A binocular cue for perceiving depth. By comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance—the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object.
Define stroboscopic movement.
The brain's perception of continuous movement in a rapid series of slightly varying images.
Define Phi phenomenon.
An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession.
Define perceptual constancy.
Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, lightness, and color) even as illumination and retinal images change.
Define perceptual adaptation.
In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.