High-pitched sounds are perceived based on where they peak on the basilar membrane.

Low-pitched sounds are perceived based on the rate of neural impulses matching the sound wave's frequency.

Neurons alternate firing to achieve a combined frequency for mid-range pitches.

The ability to determine the source of a sound using timing and intensity differences between ears.

Carries neural impulses from the hair cells to the thalamus, then to the auditory cortex.

Convert sounds into electrical signals that stimulate the auditory nerve, helping with sensorineural hearing loss.

Amplify sound to assist in overcoming conduction hearing loss

A membrane within the cochlea that vibrates in response to sound waves.

Creates intensity differences between ears for sounds directly in front, behind, above, or below.

Contains three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that amplify vibrations and transmit them to the inner ear.

The sense of hearing; how the brain interprets sound waves.

The height of a sound wave; determines loudness (measured in decibels).

Number of wavelengths passing a point per second; determines pitch.

The quality of sound distinguishing instruments/voices with same pitch/loudness.

The visible part of the outer ear; funnels sound waves.

The eardrum; vibrates when hit by sound waves.

Snail-shaped structure in inner ear; contains basilar membrane and hair cells.

Sensory receptors on the basilar membrane; transduce mechanical energy into neural impulses.

Hearing loss due to damage to cochlea's hair cells or auditory nerve.

Hearing loss due to damage in outer or middle ear, preventing sound waves from reaching the cochlea.

Pinna → Ear Canal → Eardrum → Middle Ear Bones → Cochlea → Auditory Nerve → Thalamus → Auditory Cortex.

Hair cells convert mechanical energy from sound waves into neural impulses.