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All Flashcards
What is the order of the journey of sound through the ear?
Pinna → Ear Canal → Eardrum → Middle Ear Bones → Cochlea → Auditory Nerve → Thalamus → Auditory Cortex.
What is the process of transduction in the ear?
Hair cells convert mechanical energy from sound waves into neural impulses.
What is the effect of damage to the hair cells?
Sensorineural hearing loss.
What is the effect of damage to the eardrum?
Conduction hearing loss.
What is the effect of loud noise exposure?
Can cause sensorineural hearing loss.
What is the effect of differences in timing and intensity of sound reaching each ear?
Enables sound localization.
What is the effect of aging on hearing?
Can lead to sensorineural hearing loss.
What is the effect of heredity on hearing?
Can increase the risk of sensorineural hearing loss.
What is the effect of a high amplitude sound wave?
Perception of a louder sound.
What is the effect of a high frequency sound wave?
Perception of a higher pitched sound.
What is the effect of damage to the auditory nerve?
Sensorineural hearing loss and difficulty transmitting auditory information to the brain.
What is the effect of fluid buildup in the middle ear?
Conduction hearing loss due to interference with the vibration of the middle ear bones.
What is Place Theory?
High-pitched sounds are perceived based on where they peak on the basilar membrane.
What is Frequency Theory?
Low-pitched sounds are perceived based on the rate of neural impulses matching the sound wave's frequency.
What is the Volley Principle?
Neurons alternate firing to achieve a combined frequency for mid-range pitches.
What is Sound Localization?
The ability to determine the source of a sound using timing and intensity differences between ears.
What is the role of the Auditory Nerve?
Carries neural impulses from the hair cells to the thalamus, then to the auditory cortex.
What is the function of Cochlear Implants?
Convert sounds into electrical signals that stimulate the auditory nerve, helping with sensorineural hearing loss.
What is the function of Hearing Aids?
Amplify sound to assist in overcoming conduction hearing loss
What is the Basilar Membrane?
A membrane within the cochlea that vibrates in response to sound waves.
How does head tilting aid sound localization?
Creates intensity differences between ears for sounds directly in front, behind, above, or below.
What is the role of the Middle Ear?
Contains three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that amplify vibrations and transmit them to the inner ear.