All Flashcards
What is Encoding?
The process of transforming information into a form that can be stored in memory.
What is Visual Encoding?
Encoding of images and visual sensory information.
What is Acoustic Encoding?
Encoding of sound, especially the sound of words.
What is Semantic Encoding?
Encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words.
What is Maintenance Rehearsal?
Repeating information over and over to keep it in short-term memory.
What is Elaborative Rehearsal?
Actively thinking about the meaning of information and relating it to existing knowledge.
What is the Self-Reference Effect?
The tendency to better remember information relevant to ourselves.
Explain the levels of processing model.
Encoding occurs on a continuum from shallow (visual) to deep (semantic) processing, with deeper processing leading to better memory.
What is the key to semantic encoding?
Focusing on the meaning of information rather than its physical characteristics.
How does elaborative rehearsal enhance memory?
By connecting new information to existing knowledge, creating more retrieval cues.
Why is the self-reference effect effective?
Information related to oneself is more deeply processed and personally relevant, making it more memorable.
How does imagery aid encoding?
Creating mental pictures provides a dual code (visual and verbal), enhancing memory.
Compare maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal.
Maintenance rehearsal involves rote repetition, while elaborative rehearsal involves connecting new information to existing knowledge. Elaborative rehearsal is more effective for long-term memory.
Compare visual, acoustic, and semantic encoding.
Visual encoding is based on appearance, acoustic on sound, and semantic on meaning. Semantic encoding is the deepest and most effective for long-term memory.