All Flashcards
What is the role of the hippocampus in memory?
Crucial for forming new explicit memories, but doesn't store them long-term. Acts as the initial memory processor.
What is the function of the frontal lobes in memory?
Working memory lives here; processes incoming auditory and visual information, connecting it to long-term memory.
What is the role of the cerebellum in memory?
Stores implicit memories, particularly those formed through classical conditioning and conditioned reflexes.
What is the function of the basal ganglia in memory?
Responsible for forming procedural memories - the 'how-to' type of implicit memory.
What is the role of the amygdala in memory?
Enhances memory consolidation for emotionally significant events by releasing stress hormones.
What is the significance of sleep in memory consolidation?
During deep sleep (NREM-3), the brain replays the day's experiences, consolidating them into long-term memory.
Explain the concept of lateralization in the hippocampus.
Left hippocampus damage affects verbal memory; right hippocampus damage affects visual memory.
What is the main idea behind Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)?
Strengthening neural pathways through repeated use; 'use it or lose it'.
What role does Glutamate play in memory?
Plays a crucial role in learning and memory, especially in Long-Term Potentiation (LTP).
What role does Acetylcholine play in memory?
Important for memory and cognitive function.
How do emotions affect memory?
Strong emotions release stress hormones that signal the brain that something important is happening, making the memory stickier.
Define Hippocampus.
Brain structure in the temporal lobe; key for forming new explicit memories.
Define Frontal Lobes in the context of memory.
Brain region; headquarters for working memory, processing auditory and visual information.
Define Thalamus in the context of memory.
Brain structure; sensory relay station that encodes sensory memories into short-term memory.
Define Cerebellum in the context of memory.
Brain region; stores implicit memories, especially those from classical conditioning.
Define Basal Ganglia in the context of memory.
Brain structure; handles procedural memories (the 'how-to' stuff).
Define Amygdala in the context of memory.
Brain structure; adds emotional weight to memories, enhancing memory consolidation for emotionally significant events.
Define Explicit Memory.
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and 'declare'.
Define Implicit Memory.
Retention independent of conscious recollection; includes procedural memory and classically conditioned associations.
Define Procedural Memory.
A type of implicit memory that involves motor skills and behavioral habits.
Define Working Memory.
A short-term memory system that actively processes information.
Define Long-Term Potentiation (LTP).
Strengthening of synapses based on recent activity, leading to long-lasting communication between neurons.
Define Neurotransmitters.
Chemical messengers that transmit messages between neurons.
What is the effect of damage to the hippocampus on memory?
Inability to form new explicit memories.
What is the effect of damage to the cerebellum on memory?
Inability to learn from classical conditioning and form conditioned reflexes.
What is the effect of a strong emotional experience on memory?
Enhanced memory consolidation due to the activation of the amygdala.
What is the effect of blocking LTP on learning?
Interferes with and slows down learning and can result in a loss of memory.
What is the effect of repeated use of a neural pathway?
Strengthening of the pathway through Long-Term Potentiation (LTP).
What is the effect of deep sleep (NREM-3) on memory?
Consolidation of the day's experiences into long-term memory.
What is the effect of releasing stress hormones on memory?
Signals to the brain that something important is happening, making the memory stickier.
What is the effect of blocking glutamate receptors on LTP?
Impairment of LTP, hindering learning and memory formation.
What is the effect of a damaged thalamus on memory encoding?
Impaired encoding of sensory information into short-term memory.
What is the effect of basal ganglia damage on daily activities?
Difficulty performing procedural tasks, such as tying shoes or riding a bike.