All Flashcards
What is 'attachment'?
A deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space.
Define 'contact comfort'.
The innate pleasure derived from close physical contact; a crucial element in forming attachment.
What is 'secure base'?
A trusted caregiver providing security, enabling exploration and return for reassurance.
Define 'imprinting'.
A rapid, early learning process where newborns form strong attachments, typically to their parents.
What is 'mere exposure'?
The psychological phenomenon whereby people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them.
What is 'temperament'?
A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity; considered a constitutional disposition.
Define 'basic trust'.
According to Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; formed during infancy by responsive caregivers.
What is 'autonomy'?
Erikson's stage where toddlers learn to exercise their will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities.
Define 'modeling'.
The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior; central to social learning theory.
What is a 'critical period'?
A specific time during development when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces optimal or irreversible consequences.
What are the effects of social isolation in early development?
Severe developmental issues, such as catatonia and inability to form relationships.
What is the effect of contact comfort on infant monkeys?
Preference for the cloth mother, demonstrating the importance of emotional bonding over nourishment.
What is the effect of unresponsive parenting on attachment?
Can lead to insecure attachment styles, affecting future relationships.
What are the effects of authoritarian parenting?
Linked to lower academic performance and self-esteem in children.
What are the effects of permissive parenting?
Can lead to impulsivity, egocentrism, and relationship problems.
What is the impact of observing aggressive behavior?
Increased likelihood of imitating aggressive behavior, as demonstrated in Bandura's Bobo doll experiment.
What is the effect of secure attachment on future relationships?
Greater capacity for intimacy, trust, and healthy relationships.
What is the effect of early secure social bonds?
Crucial for healthy development.
What is the effect of lack of affection?
Difficulties in forming relationships later in life.
What is the effect of fixations in Freud's psychosexual stages?
Developmental issues.
What are the stages of Freud's psychosexual development?
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, Genital.