All Flashcards
What are the stages of Freud's psychosexual development?
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, Genital.
What is the main idea of Harlow's research?
Attachment is primarily driven by contact comfort, not just nourishment.
What is the 'strange situation' experiment?
A standardized procedure to assess infant attachment by observing responses to separation and reunion with a caregiver.
What is 'secure attachment'?
Infants explore confidently with the caregiver present, show distress upon separation, and seek comfort upon reunion.
What is 'insecure attachment'?
Attachment patterns marked by anxiety, avoidance, or ambivalence in relationships.
Explain Erikson's psychosocial stages.
Development occurs in sequential stages, each presenting a unique crisis that must be resolved for healthy development.
What is authoritative parenting?
A parenting style characterized by clear expectations, open communication, and warmth.
What is authoritarian parenting?
A parenting style characterized by high demands, strict rules, and low responsiveness.
What is permissive parenting?
A parenting style characterized by few demands, high responsiveness, and indulgent behavior.
What is social learning theory?
Learning occurs through observation, imitation, and modeling, especially from significant others.
What is Freud's psychosexual theory?
Personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages, each focusing on a different erogenous zone; unresolved conflicts can lead to fixations.
Compare authoritative and authoritarian parenting styles.
Authoritative: balanced expectations & support. Authoritarian: strict obedience, less warmth.
Compare secure and insecure attachment.
Secure: confident exploration, distress on separation, comfort on return. Insecure: anxious, avoidant, or ambivalent.
Compare Harlow's and Lorenz's research on attachment.
Harlow: contact comfort in monkeys. Lorenz: imprinting in geese during critical period.
Compare permissive indulgent and permissive neglectful parenting styles.
Permissive Indulgent: Gives in to every whim. Permissive Neglectful: Ignores or is indifferent to the child's behavior.
Compare Freud's and Erikson's theories of development.
Freud: psychosexual stages, unconscious desires. Erikson: psychosocial stages, social and emotional crises.
Compare secure attachment to anxious-resistant attachment.
Secure: distressed when caregiver leaves, seeks comfort upon return. Anxious-resistant: Clingy, very distressed when caregiver leaves, doesn't calm easily when caregiver returns.
Compare secure attachment to anxious-avoidant attachment.
Secure: distressed when caregiver leaves, seeks comfort upon return. Anxious-avoidant: Not distressed when caregiver leaves, doesn't seek contact when caregiver returns.
Compare the oral stage to the anal stage in Freud's theory.
Oral: Focus on mouth, sucking, and feeding. Anal: Focus on bowel control and toilet training.
Compare the phallic stage to the latent stage in Freud's theory.
Phallic: Focus on genitals, Oedipus/Electra complex. Latent: Sexual feelings are dormant.
Compare the authoritarian parenting style to the neglectful parenting style.
Authoritarian: strict obedience without explanation. Neglectful: Ignores or is indifferent to the child's behavior.