All Flashcards
How is intrinsic motivation applied in real life?
Reading a book because you love to read.
How is extrinsic motivation applied in real life?
Reading a book to complete a summer assignment.
How does high self-efficacy affect behavior?
Leads to high intrinsic motivation and a willingness to take on challenges.
How does low self-efficacy affect behavior?
Leads to low intrinsic motivation, avoidance of challenges, and giving up easily.
How does Drive-Reduction Theory explain hunger?
Hunger motivates you to eat, reducing the internal tension of needing food and restoring homeostasis.
How does Optimal Arousal Theory explain curiosity?
Being bored motivates you to seek something new and exciting, increasing arousal.
How can the overjustification effect influence hobbies?
Turning a beloved hobby into a job can decrease your intrinsic enjoyment of it.
How is Maslow's Hierarchy applied in workplace?
Providing employees with fair wages (physiological), job security (safety), team activities (belonging), recognition (esteem), and opportunities for growth (self-actualization).
How is the Yerkes-Dodson Law applied to test taking?
Moderate anxiety can improve focus, but excessive anxiety can impair performance.
How does culture influence eating habits?
Culture determines what foods are considered acceptable and how they are prepared and eaten.
What is the core idea of Instinct Theory?
Behaviors are driven by instincts, which are innate and aid survival.
What is the focus of Instinct Theory?
Survival and adaptation; motivated to pass on our genes.
What is the core idea of Drive-Reduction Theory?
We are motivated to reduce internal tension caused by unmet needs to maintain balance.
What are push and pull factors in Drive-Reduction Theory?
Push: Motivate us to get away from bad things. Pull: Motivate us to work toward good things.
What is the core idea of Optimal Arousal Theory?
We are motivated to seek an optimal level of stimulation; finding the sweet spot of excitement.
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance; too little or too much arousal hurts performance.
What is the core idea of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
We are motivated to fulfill a hierarchy of needs, from basic to self-actualization.
What are the levels in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Physiological, Safety, Belongingness, Self-Esteem, Self-Actualization.
What is the Lateral Hypothalamus' role in eating?
Activates eating; the 'start eating' button.
What is the Ventromedial Hypothalamus' role in eating?
Stops eating; the 'stop eating' button.
What is motivation?
The force that drives our behaviors; the 'why' behind our actions.
What are instincts?
Innate, unconscious behaviors that feel right and aid survival.
What are incentives?
External factors (rewards or punishments) that influence behavior.
What is intrinsic motivation?
Doing something for the pure joy and internal satisfaction it brings.
What is extrinsic motivation?
Doing something for an external reward or to avoid punishment.
What is the overjustification effect?
When an external reward decreases intrinsic motivation.
What is achievement motivation?
The desire to master complex tasks and reach personal goals.
What is self-efficacy?
Belief in your ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.
What is homeostasis?
The goal is to reach a steady internal state.
What is the Garcia effect?
Certain foods can make you more or less hungry based on past experiences.