All Flashcards
What is the core idea of Instinct Theory?
Behaviors are driven by instincts, which are innate and aid survival.
What is the focus of Instinct Theory?
Survival and adaptation; motivated to pass on our genes.
What is the core idea of Drive-Reduction Theory?
We are motivated to reduce internal tension caused by unmet needs to maintain balance.
What are push and pull factors in Drive-Reduction Theory?
Push: Motivate us to get away from bad things. Pull: Motivate us to work toward good things.
What is the core idea of Optimal Arousal Theory?
We are motivated to seek an optimal level of stimulation; finding the sweet spot of excitement.
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance; too little or too much arousal hurts performance.
What is the core idea of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
We are motivated to fulfill a hierarchy of needs, from basic to self-actualization.
What are the levels in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Physiological, Safety, Belongingness, Self-Esteem, Self-Actualization.
What is the Lateral Hypothalamus' role in eating?
Activates eating; the 'start eating' button.
What is the Ventromedial Hypothalamus' role in eating?
Stops eating; the 'stop eating' button.
What is motivation?
The force that drives our behaviors; the 'why' behind our actions.
What are instincts?
Innate, unconscious behaviors that feel right and aid survival.
What are incentives?
External factors (rewards or punishments) that influence behavior.
What is intrinsic motivation?
Doing something for the pure joy and internal satisfaction it brings.
What is extrinsic motivation?
Doing something for an external reward or to avoid punishment.
What is the overjustification effect?
When an external reward decreases intrinsic motivation.
What is achievement motivation?
The desire to master complex tasks and reach personal goals.
What is self-efficacy?
Belief in your ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.
What is homeostasis?
The goal is to reach a steady internal state.
What is the Garcia effect?
Certain foods can make you more or less hungry based on past experiences.
Compare intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Intrinsic: Doing something for joy. Extrinsic: Doing something for external rewards or to avoid punishment.
Compare Instinct Theory and Drive-Reduction Theory.
Instinct: Innate behaviors. Drive-Reduction: Reducing internal tension caused by unmet needs.
Compare Drive-Reduction Theory and Optimal Arousal Theory.
Drive-Reduction: Reducing internal tension. Optimal Arousal: Seeking an optimal level of stimulation.
Compare Optimal Arousal Theory and the Yerkes-Dodson Law.
Optimal Arousal: Seeking stimulation. Yerkes-Dodson: Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance.
Compare the Lateral Hypothalamus and Ventromedial Hypothalamus.
Lateral Hypothalamus: Activates eating. Ventromedial Hypothalamus: Stops eating.
Compare achievement motivation and seeking arousal.
Achievement motivation is about meeting high achievement goals, while seeking arousal is about finding stimulation.
Compare high self-efficacy and low self-efficacy.
High self-efficacy: Believing you can succeed. Low self-efficacy: Doubting your ability to succeed.
Compare the strengths of Instinct Theory and Drive-Reduction Theory.
Instinct Theory explains similarities due to our ancestral past. Drive-Reduction Theory explains our motivation to reduce arousal by meeting basic needs.
Compare the weaknesses of Instinct Theory and Drive-Reduction Theory.
Instinct Theory is better at explaining animal behaviors than complex human behaviors. Drive-Reduction Theory doesn't explain why some motivated behaviors actually increase arousal.
Compare the strengths and weaknesses of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs.
Strength: Incorporates the idea that we have levels of various needs. Weakness: The order of needs may change depending on the circumstance of the person.