What is motivation?
The force that drives our behaviors; the 'why' behind our actions.
What are instincts?
Innate, unconscious behaviors that feel right and aid survival.
What are incentives?
External factors (rewards or punishments) that influence behavior.
What is intrinsic motivation?
Doing something for the pure joy and internal satisfaction it brings.
What is extrinsic motivation?
Doing something for an external reward or to avoid punishment.
What is the overjustification effect?
When an external reward decreases intrinsic motivation.
What is achievement motivation?
The desire to master complex tasks and reach personal goals.
What is self-efficacy?
Belief in your ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.
What is homeostasis?
The goal is to reach a steady internal state.
What is the Garcia effect?
Certain foods can make you more or less hungry based on past experiences.
What is the effect of external rewards on intrinsic motivation?
External rewards can decrease intrinsic motivation due to the overjustification effect.
What is the effect of damage to the lateral hypothalamus?
Can lead to extreme eating issues due to its role in activating eating.
What is the effect of damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus?
Can lead to extreme eating issues due to its role in stopping eating.
What is the effect of high achievement motivation?
A strong desire to succeed, challenge oneself, and reach goals, leading to striving for excellence.
What is the effect of unmet needs according to Drive-Reduction Theory?
Internal tension that motivates us to reduce the tension and restore balance (homeostasis).
What is the effect of moderate arousal on performance?
Optimal performance, according to the Yerkes-Dodson Law.
What is the effect of low or high arousal on performance?
Poor performance, according to the Yerkes-Dodson Law.
What is the effect of fulfilling lower-level needs on higher-level needs?
Fulfilling lower-level needs in Maslow's hierarchy allows individuals to focus on and pursue higher-level needs.
What is the effect of the set-point theory on eating behavior?
The hypothalamus adjusts hunger and metabolic rate to maintain a certain body weight.
What is the effect of hormones and erotic material on sexual desire?
Can influence sexual desire.
How is intrinsic motivation applied in real life?
Reading a book because you love to read.
How is extrinsic motivation applied in real life?
Reading a book to complete a summer assignment.
How does high self-efficacy affect behavior?
Leads to high intrinsic motivation and a willingness to take on challenges.
How does low self-efficacy affect behavior?
Leads to low intrinsic motivation, avoidance of challenges, and giving up easily.
How does Drive-Reduction Theory explain hunger?
Hunger motivates you to eat, reducing the internal tension of needing food and restoring homeostasis.
How does Optimal Arousal Theory explain curiosity?
Being bored motivates you to seek something new and exciting, increasing arousal.
How can the overjustification effect influence hobbies?
Turning a beloved hobby into a job can decrease your intrinsic enjoyment of it.
How is Maslow's Hierarchy applied in workplace?
Providing employees with fair wages (physiological), job security (safety), team activities (belonging), recognition (esteem), and opportunities for growth (self-actualization).
How is the Yerkes-Dodson Law applied to test taking?
Moderate anxiety can improve focus, but excessive anxiety can impair performance.
How does culture influence eating habits?
Culture determines what foods are considered acceptable and how they are prepared and eaten.
