To provide a standardized system for diagnosing mental disorders, ensuring consistency and reliability.

It significantly interferes with daily life, affects cognition, emotion, or behavior, and is maladaptive.

Mental illness is caused by supernatural forces like possession, divine wrath, or astrological events.

Mental illness has physiological causes, such as imbalances in bodily fluids.

Mental illness has psychological rather than physical or supernatural roots.

It protects patient information, fostering trust; however, it can be broken if the patient is a danger to themselves or others.

It's a legal defense claiming the defendant is not responsible for their actions due to a psychiatric episode.

The American Psychological Association (APA) publishes the DSM-5, setting diagnostic standards.

Defined by excessive fear and worry.

Involve both depressive and manic episodes.

Supernatural attributes mental illness to external forces, while somatogenic attributes it to physiological causes.

Somatogenic focuses on physical causes, while psychogenic focuses on psychological causes.

Supernatural attributes mental illness to external forces, while psychogenic focuses on internal psychological factors.

Depressive Disorders focus on sadness and loss of interest, while Bipolar Disorders involve both depressive and manic episodes.

Anxiety Disorders are defined by excessive fear and worry, while Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders result from traumatic events.

Somatic Disorders focus on physical symptoms with psychological roots, while Eating Disorders are characterized by abnormal eating patterns and body image issues.

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders involve obsessions and compulsions, while Dissociative Disorders involve disruptions in memory, identity, or consciousness.

Somatogenic etiologies led to treatments like bloodletting and aromatherapy, while psychogenic etiologies focus on psychological interventions, such as therapy.

In both cases, confidentiality can be broken to ensure safety, but the specific actions (e.g., contacting law enforcement) may differ based on the nature of the threat.

The DSM-5 is the current edition, so it's important to be aware of changes from previous editions.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition; the official guide for diagnosing mental disorders.

A condition that significantly interferes with a person's daily life, affecting cognition, emotion, or behavior maladaptively.

The belief that mental illness is caused by supernatural forces like possession or divine wrath.

The view that mental illness has physiological causes, such as imbalances in bodily fluids.

The view that mental illness has psychological rather than physical or supernatural roots.

Laws that protect patient information shared during therapy sessions, with exceptions for danger to self or others.

A legal claim that a defendant is not responsible for their actions due to a psychiatric episode.

An early practice involving drilling holes in the skull to release evil spirits.

The idea that imbalances in bodily fluids (blood, black bile, phlegm, and yellow bile) caused mental illness.

Draining blood to correct imbalances.