Clinical Psychology

Medication was discovered as a treatment option for mental illnesses.

Mental illness began being seen as a sickness of the mind rather than a religious punishment.

Mental illness was classified into different categories for the first time.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was introduced as a treatment method.

The individual recognizes that their fear may be unreasonable, yet feels powerless to resist it.

The individual spends over three hours per day engaged in cleaning rituals related to their fears.

The fear causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

The fear has persisted continuously for at least six months.

Conditional responses developed through past reward and punishment.

Fixed-action patterns innate behaviors that are triggered inappropriately

Depression may represent a maladaptive signal indicating a need to alter one's lifestyle or circumstances.

Dysfunction alone neurotransmitter levels is the only cause.

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Social Anxiety Disorder(SAD)

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder(OCD)

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder( PTSD)

Gradual replacement of ritualistic acts with healthier coping mechanisms under the guidance of a therapist.

Significant insight gained into unconscious conflicts, yet minimal reduction in actual compulsive actions.

Increased understanding of past traumas linked to current OCD behaviors leading to long-term symptom alleviation.

Reports of fleeting reductions in obsessions but persistent reliance on rituals to prevent perceived disasters.

anxiety disorders

social circumstances

neurotransmitters

genetic abnormalities

Perform an experiment where participants' internet usage is controlled for a week while recording mood changes.

Compare brain scans of heavy internet users with those who use the internet sparingly.

Start a prospective cohort study monitoring regular online habits over time and record any onset of depressive symptoms.

Conduct cross-sectional studies that observe correlation between current levels of internet usage and depressive symptoms.

Lower socio-economic statuses directly cause certain types of mental illnesses.

Socio-economic conditions are part of the macrosystem which has influence on individual's mental health status.

A psychologist needs this information for billing purposes only.

Wealthy patients can afford more intensive treatment methods.

Behavioral Model Principle

Psychodynamic Model Principle

Cognitive Model Principle

Biological Model Principle

Behavioral Theory

Humanistic Theory

Psychoanalytical Theory

Cognitive Theory