All Flashcards
How can the behavioral approach explain phobias?
Phobias can be seen as a result of classical conditioning (e.g., Little Albert).
How is the biological approach applied to depression?
Imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin are linked to depression.
How does the cognitive approach explain anxiety disorders?
Anxiety disorders often involve maladaptive thought patterns, such as catastrophizing.
How does the evolutionary approach explain anxiety?
Anxiety can be seen as an evolved response that helped our ancestors survive.
How does the humanistic approach explain anxiety?
Anxiety can stem from not having an environment that fosters growth and self-actualization.
How does the psychodynamic approach explain anxiety?
Anxiety can be seen as a result of unresolved childhood conflicts.
How does the sociocultural approach explain anxiety?
Expressions of anxiety can vary across different cultures.
How can diagnostic labels be empowering?
Labels can help people understand their symptoms and seek appropriate treatment.
How can diagnostic labels lead to self-fulfilling prophecies?
Individuals may start to behave in ways that align with their diagnosis.
How can the biopsychosocial approach be used to understand depression?
Depression could be due to a genetic predisposition, negative thought patterns, and a lack of social support.
Compare the Behavioral and Cognitive approaches.
Behavioral focuses on observable behaviors and conditioning; Cognitive focuses on thought processes and their impact on behavior.
Compare the Biological and Psychodynamic approaches.
Biological focuses on physical processes; Psychodynamic focuses on the unconscious mind and past experiences.
Compare the Humanistic and Psychodynamic approaches.
Humanistic emphasizes free will and growth; Psychodynamic emphasizes unconscious conflicts and past experiences.
Compare the Evolutionary and Sociocultural approaches.
Evolutionary explains behavior through natural selection; Sociocultural examines cultural and social influences.
Compare the strengths of the Biological and Cognitive approaches.
Biological provides objective data; Cognitive is effective in rewiring thoughts in clinical settings.
Compare the weaknesses of the Biological and Cognitive approaches.
Biological has little focus on environment; Cognitive rarely accounts for emotional responses.
Compare the strengths of the Humanistic and Sociocultural approaches.
Humanistic methods are adaptable; Sociocultural observations are made in real-world situations.
Compare the weaknesses of the Humanistic and Sociocultural approaches.
Humanistic uses little objectivity; Sociocultural variables are challenging to control.
Compare the positive and negative consequences of diagnostic labels.
Positive: empowerment, communication, treatment access. Negative: stigma, self-fulfilling prophecies, misdiagnosis.
Compare the Behavioral and Biological explanations of a disorder like depression.
Behavioral: Learned behaviors and environmental factors. Biological: Neurotransmitter imbalances and genetic predispositions.
What is the effect of low serotonin levels?
Can lead to depression, according to the biological approach.
What is the effect of maladaptive thought patterns?
Can lead to anxiety disorders, according to the cognitive approach.
What is the effect of not having an environment for growth?
Can lead to anxiety and inability to reach self-actualization (Humanistic).
What is the effect of unresolved childhood conflicts?
Can lead to anxiety disorders, according to the psychodynamic approach.
What is the effect of cultural norms on behavior?
Can shape expressions of anxiety and other behaviors (Sociocultural).
What is the effect of diagnostic labeling?
Can lead to stigma, discrimination, and self-fulfilling prophecies.
What is the effect of a stressful environment on healthy individuals (Rosenhan Study)?
Their normal behavior can be misinterpreted as symptoms of mental illness.
What is the effect of genetic predispositions, negative thoughts, and lack of social support?
Increased risk of developing depression (Biopsychosocial approach).
What is the effect of classical conditioning?
Learning through associations between stimuli and responses, potentially leading to phobias.
What is the effect of natural selection?
Behaviors that promote survival are passed down through generations, such as anxiety.