All Flashcards
Compare Central Route to Persuasion and Peripheral Route to Persuasion.
Central route uses facts and logic, requiring careful thought. Peripheral route uses superficial cues, requiring less thought.
Compare Prejudice and Discrimination.
Prejudice is a negative attitude; discrimination is negative behavior based on that attitude.
Compare Conformity and Obedience.
Conformity is adjusting behavior to fit in with a group. Obedience is following orders from an authority figure.
Compare Social Facilitation and Social Inhibition.
Social facilitation is improved performance on simple tasks in the presence of others. Social inhibition is worsened performance on complex tasks in the presence of others.
Compare In-group Bias and Out-group Homogeneity Bias.
In-group bias favors our own group, while out-group homogeneity bias perceives out-group members as more similar than in-group members.
Compare Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism.
Ethnocentrism is viewing one's own culture as superior, while cultural relativism is understanding cultures on their own terms.
Compare Altruism and Reciprocity Norms.
Altruism is unselfish concern for others; reciprocity norms involve helping those who have helped us.
Compare Stereotypes and Prejudice.
Stereotypes are generalized beliefs about a group; prejudice is a negative attitude toward a group.
Compare Deindividuation and Diffusion of Responsibility.
Deindividuation is the loss of self-awareness in a group; diffusion of responsibility is feeling less accountable in a group.
Compare the Stanford Prison Experiment and Milgram's Obedience Study.
Zimbardo focused on role-playing and situational factors, while Milgram focused on obedience to authority.
How is the Bystander Effect relevant in emergency situations?
People may not help a victim if others are present, assuming someone else will intervene.
How can Superordinate Goals reduce conflict between groups?
Shared goals requiring cooperation can foster a sense of unity and reduce in-group/out-group bias.
How does the Fundamental Attribution Error affect our judgment of others?
We may blame someone's personality for their actions, overlooking situational factors that influenced their behavior.
How can understanding Cognitive Dissonance help in persuasion?
By creating dissonance, you can motivate people to change their attitudes or behaviors to reduce discomfort.
How can knowledge of the Halo Effect impact hiring decisions?
It highlights the risk of assuming someone is good at everything based on their strengths in one area.
How is groupthink relevant in political decision-making?
It can lead to poor decisions if dissenting opinions are suppressed in favor of group harmony.
How can the principles of social facilitation be applied to improve athletic performance?
Training in front of an audience can improve performance on well-learned skills.
How can understanding in-group/out-group bias help reduce prejudice?
By promoting empathy and understanding of different groups, we can reduce negative biases.
How can knowledge of social traps help in environmental conservation?
By understanding why individuals act in their own self-interest to the detriment of the environment, policies can be designed to promote cooperation.
How can the mere-exposure effect be used in advertising?
Repeated exposure to a product can increase familiarity and liking, leading to increased sales.
What is the definition of Fundamental Attribution Error?
Overestimating dispositional factors and underestimating situational factors when explaining others' behavior.
What is the definition of Self-Serving Bias?
Attributing our successes to internal factors and our failures to external factors.
What is the definition of False Consensus Effect?
Overestimating how much others agree with our beliefs and behaviors.
What is the definition of Confirmation Bias?
Searching for and interpreting information that confirms our existing beliefs.
What is the definition of Just-World Hypothesis?
The belief that people get what they deserve, leading to victim-blaming.
What is the definition of Halo Effect?
Forming a positive impression of someone in one area, and then assuming they are good in other areas.
What is the definition of Cognitive Dissonance?
The discomfort felt when our thoughts and actions clash.
What is the definition of Groupthink?
A phenomenon where a group prioritizes harmony over critical thinking, leading to poor decisions.
What is the definition of Conformity?
Changing behavior to fit in with a group.
What is the definition of Obedience to Authority?
Following orders from an authority figure.
What is the definition of Bystander Effect?
The tendency for people to be less likely to help someone in need when others are present.
What is the definition of Deindividuation?
Loss of self-awareness and restraint when in a group, leading to impulsive behavior.
What is the definition of Prejudice?
A negative attitude toward a group and its members.
What is the definition of Discrimination?
Negative behavior toward a group and its members.