All Flashcards
How is the Bystander Effect relevant in emergency situations?
People may not help a victim if others are present, assuming someone else will intervene.
How can Superordinate Goals reduce conflict between groups?
Shared goals requiring cooperation can foster a sense of unity and reduce in-group/out-group bias.
How does the Fundamental Attribution Error affect our judgment of others?
We may blame someone's personality for their actions, overlooking situational factors that influenced their behavior.
How can understanding Cognitive Dissonance help in persuasion?
By creating dissonance, you can motivate people to change their attitudes or behaviors to reduce discomfort.
How can knowledge of the Halo Effect impact hiring decisions?
It highlights the risk of assuming someone is good at everything based on their strengths in one area.
How is groupthink relevant in political decision-making?
It can lead to poor decisions if dissenting opinions are suppressed in favor of group harmony.
How can the principles of social facilitation be applied to improve athletic performance?
Training in front of an audience can improve performance on well-learned skills.
How can understanding in-group/out-group bias help reduce prejudice?
By promoting empathy and understanding of different groups, we can reduce negative biases.
How can knowledge of social traps help in environmental conservation?
By understanding why individuals act in their own self-interest to the detriment of the environment, policies can be designed to promote cooperation.
How can the mere-exposure effect be used in advertising?
Repeated exposure to a product can increase familiarity and liking, leading to increased sales.
What are the causes and effects of Deindividuation?
Causes: Group membership, anonymity. Effects: Loss of self-awareness, impulsive behavior.
What are the causes and effects of Groupthink?
Causes: Desire for harmony, suppression of dissent. Effects: Poor decisions, lack of critical thinking.
What are the causes and effects of the Bystander Effect?
Causes: Diffusion of responsibility, ambiguity. Effects: Reduced likelihood of helping in an emergency.
What are the causes and effects of Cognitive Dissonance?
Causes: Inconsistent beliefs and actions. Effects: Discomfort, attitude change, behavior change.
What are the causes and effects of Stereotypes?
Causes: Social learning, categorization. Effects: Prejudice, discrimination.
What are the causes and effects of the Fundamental Attribution Error?
Causes: Cognitive biases, lack of information. Effects: Misjudging others, blaming individuals for situational factors.
What are the causes and effects of Social Facilitation?
Causes: Presence of others, increased arousal. Effects: Improved performance on simple tasks, worsened performance on complex tasks.
What are the causes and effects of Group Polarization?
Causes: Informational influence, normative influence. Effects: More extreme group views, increased intergroup conflict.
What are the causes and effects of Prejudice?
Causes: Stereotypes, in-group/out-group bias, scapegoating. Effects: Discrimination, social inequality.
What are the causes and effects of Obedience to Authority?
Causes: Legitimate authority, fear of punishment. Effects: Compliance with orders, potential harm to others.
What is Cognitive Dissonance Theory?
When actions and beliefs clash, discomfort arises. We reduce this by changing thoughts or actions to align them.
What is the Elaboration Likelihood Model?
A model explaining when people are persuaded by central (facts) vs. peripheral (superficial cues) routes.
What is the Just-World Hypothesis?
The belief that people get what they deserve, which can lead to victim-blaming.
What is the significance of the Stanford Prison Experiment?
It demonstrated how situational factors can powerfully influence behavior, even leading to harmful actions based on assigned roles.
What does Asch's Conformity Study reveal about human behavior?
People are likely to conform to group norms, even when they know the group is wrong.
What did Milgram's Obedience Study demonstrate?
People are surprisingly likely to obey authority figures, even when it means harming others.
What is Social Facilitation?
Improved performance on simple tasks in the presence of others.
What is Social Inhibition?
Worsened performance on complex tasks in the presence of others.
What is Group Polarization?
Group discussions strengthen the dominant viewpoint, making groups more extreme in their views.
What is Diffusion of Responsibility?
Individuals feel less responsible for their actions when in a group.
What is the Mere-Exposure Effect?
The tendency to develop a preference for things merely because we are familiar with them.
What are Reciprocity Norms?
The expectation that people will help those who have helped them.