What are the causes and effects of Deindividuation?
Causes: Group membership, anonymity. Effects: Loss of self-awareness, impulsive behavior.
What are the causes and effects of Groupthink?
Causes: Desire for harmony, suppression of dissent. Effects: Poor decisions, lack of critical thinking.
What are the causes and effects of the Bystander Effect?
Causes: Diffusion of responsibility, ambiguity. Effects: Reduced likelihood of helping in an emergency.
What are the causes and effects of Cognitive Dissonance?
Causes: Inconsistent beliefs and actions. Effects: Discomfort, attitude change, behavior change.
What are the causes and effects of Stereotypes?
Causes: Social learning, categorization. Effects: Prejudice, discrimination.
What are the causes and effects of the Fundamental Attribution Error?
Causes: Cognitive biases, lack of information. Effects: Misjudging others, blaming individuals for situational factors.
What are the causes and effects of Social Facilitation?
Causes: Presence of others, increased arousal. Effects: Improved performance on simple tasks, worsened performance on complex tasks.
What are the causes and effects of Group Polarization?
Causes: Informational influence, normative influence. Effects: More extreme group views, increased intergroup conflict.
What are the causes and effects of Prejudice?
Causes: Stereotypes, in-group/out-group bias, scapegoating. Effects: Discrimination, social inequality.
What are the causes and effects of Obedience to Authority?
Causes: Legitimate authority, fear of punishment. Effects: Compliance with orders, potential harm to others.
What is the definition of Fundamental Attribution Error?
Overestimating dispositional factors and underestimating situational factors when explaining others' behavior.
What is the definition of Self-Serving Bias?
Attributing our successes to internal factors and our failures to external factors.
What is the definition of False Consensus Effect?
Overestimating how much others agree with our beliefs and behaviors.
What is the definition of Confirmation Bias?
Searching for and interpreting information that confirms our existing beliefs.
What is the definition of Just-World Hypothesis?
The belief that people get what they deserve, leading to victim-blaming.
What is the definition of Halo Effect?
Forming a positive impression of someone in one area, and then assuming they are good in other areas.
What is the definition of Cognitive Dissonance?
The discomfort felt when our thoughts and actions clash.
What is the definition of Groupthink?
A phenomenon where a group prioritizes harmony over critical thinking, leading to poor decisions.
What is the definition of Conformity?
Changing behavior to fit in with a group.
What is the definition of Obedience to Authority?
Following orders from an authority figure.
What is the definition of Bystander Effect?
The tendency for people to be less likely to help someone in need when others are present.
What is the definition of Deindividuation?
Loss of self-awareness and restraint when in a group, leading to impulsive behavior.
What is the definition of Prejudice?
A negative attitude toward a group and its members.
What is the definition of Discrimination?
Negative behavior toward a group and its members.
What is Cognitive Dissonance Theory?
When actions and beliefs clash, discomfort arises. We reduce this by changing thoughts or actions to align them.
What is the Elaboration Likelihood Model?
A model explaining when people are persuaded by central (facts) vs. peripheral (superficial cues) routes.
What is the Just-World Hypothesis?
The belief that people get what they deserve, which can lead to victim-blaming.
What is the significance of the Stanford Prison Experiment?
It demonstrated how situational factors can powerfully influence behavior, even leading to harmful actions based on assigned roles.
What does Asch's Conformity Study reveal about human behavior?
People are likely to conform to group norms, even when they know the group is wrong.
What did Milgram's Obedience Study demonstrate?
People are surprisingly likely to obey authority figures, even when it means harming others.
What is Social Facilitation?
Improved performance on simple tasks in the presence of others.
What is Social Inhibition?
Worsened performance on complex tasks in the presence of others.
What is Group Polarization?
Group discussions strengthen the dominant viewpoint, making groups more extreme in their views.
What is Diffusion of Responsibility?
Individuals feel less responsible for their actions when in a group.
What is the Mere-Exposure Effect?
The tendency to develop a preference for things merely because we are familiar with them.
What are Reciprocity Norms?
The expectation that people will help those who have helped them.
