Scientific Foundations of Psychology
When examining a bimodal distribution pattern for depression scores following group therapy sessions, where should a researcher look for common scores to determine if behavior qualifies as abnormal?
Focus solely on the higher mode, since this represents individuals with more severe depression symptoms
Disregard modes and focus instead only on the median value across the entire distribution
Analyze the lower mode as a representative sample since it likely includes the majority of participants
Look at peaks on each mode simultaneously and assess whether either peak falls significantly outside the normal range
What statistical measure would best help determine if there’s an increase in anxiety levels nationwide over time?
Independent t-test
Time-series analysis
Chi-square test
Correlation coefficient
In analyzing data from a large-scale study on stress and cognitive performance, what would best help a researcher determine if there’s a linear relationship between two continuous variables?
Single-sample t-test
Mann-Whitney U test
Fischer’s Exact Test
Pearson’s correlation coefficient
Which factor should be given the highest priority while formulating strategies for psychological intervention in a community affected by a natural disaster?
Addressing post-traumatic stress disorder
Implementing strict law and order measures
Fostering competitive sports activities
Encouraging entrepreneurial initiatives
A distribution with outliers on the right of the rest of the distribution is
Right skewed
a normal distribution
a bell curve
Left skewed
How does a p-value contribute to the interpretation of statistical data in psychology research?
It identifies outliers within a dataset.
It measures the strength of the effect observed in research.
It affirms the validity of psychological tests used in research.
It indicates the likelihood that results occurred by chance.
When comparing two sets of test scores with different variances what statistical test would most appropriately assess if there’s significant difference between group means?
One-way ANOVA
Pearson's r
Dependent samples t-test
Independent samples t-test

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What does a bigger p-value mean?
The validity of the data will not change
The data is less likely to be valid
The data is always acceptable
The data is more likely to be valid
If experimental findings support one psychological perspective but not another when applied under different cultural contexts, what limitation are these perspectives likely encountering?
Experimenter effects
Demand characteristics
Sampling bias
Cultural bias
What does correlation coefficient signify in psychological studies?
It shows causality between two factors investigated within a research study.
It measures variant attributes within a single variable only.
It provides an estimate for standard deviation within the sample group.
It indicates the strength and direction of relationship between two variables.