Biological Basis of Behavior
In a study examining stress responses, what ethical consideration is most critical when exposing subjects to a stressful stimulus mimicking real-life trauma?
Making sure the stress-induced does not affect cortisol levels beyond average diurnal variation.
Confirming that data collected on stress responses is kept anonymous and confidentially stored.
Guaranteeing that all subjects experience the same level of stress for standardized results.
Ensuring psychological harm is minimized and participants have access to support after the study.
John exhibits heightened alertness and enhanced reflexes just before starting his track race. This physiological state is most likely the result of increased production of which hormone by his adrenal Medulla?
Melatonin
Testosterone
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Considering our understanding of endorphins, which new research approach might yield valuable insights into chronic pain management?
Comparing endorphin release in different age groups after listening to music.
Investigating whether regular exercise can boost endorphin levels enough to alleviate long-term pain symptoms without medication use.
Studying the correlation between endorphin levels and IQ scores.
Researching how endorphins affect people's response to horror movies.
Why is it ethically essential to maintain a distinction between the endocrine system and psychological disorders in clinical settings?
Reducing the need for medication in treatment plans
Simplifying diagnostic processes
Avoiding false attributions of psychological symptoms to purely physical causes
Limiting patient education on endocrinology
Hormones are _____ released into the ______.
electrical messengers; synapse
neurons; neurotransmitters
chemical messengers; synapse
chemical messengers, bloodstream
How has our perception evolved regarding stress response mediated by adrenal glands?
We have always believed that adrenal glands do not participate in stress reactions at all.
Initially thought to be unrelated to stress, now recognized as the sole mediator of stress responses.
Our understanding remains the same: cortisol is not involved in stress response.
It progressed from viewing adrenaline as solely responsible for 'fight or flight' reactions to recognizing cortisol’s vital role too.
What is one ethical implication concerning overreliance on hormonal theories when addressing behavioral aspects during therapy sessions?
It might aid in quicker diagnosis of disorders.
It would increase the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention.
It could lead professionals to overlook important environmental or cognitive influences.
It could encourage reliance on psychoanalytic therapy.

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What is the hormone secreted by the testes in males that is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?
Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone
Oxytocin
Which gland controls metabolism and body temperature?
Pancreas
Adrenal Gland
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid Gland
What is the hormone secreted by the adrenal glands in response to stress, and is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels?
Estrogen
Testosterone
Adrenaline
Cortisol