Biological Basis of Behavior
What is the technique that uses electrodes placed on the scalp to record the electrical activity of the brain, which can be used to study brain waves and diagnose neurological disorders?
CT scan
MRI
EEG
PET scan
Which brain imaging technique would reveal the most detailed information about the activity of specific neurons while a subject performs a memory task?
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan
An experiment that demonstrates a link between the size of a specific brain region and an individual's capacity for memory would best illustrate which psychological approach?
Social-cultural perspective
Behavior perspective
Cognitive perspective
Humanistic perspective
How could comparative studies using event-related potentials (ERPs) measure subtle differences in emotional processing between Easterners and Westerners when exposed to affective stimuli?
General absence of significant findings due to stimuli being interpreted similarly across different societies.
Variations in amplitudes related to attentional and evaluative processes of emotional stimuli.
Identical ERP signatures across cultures demonstrating universality of emotional reactivity.
Heightened ERP waves reflecting greater emotional resonance regardless of specific cultural influences.
Which technology would researchers most likely use to examine the structure of the brain and diagnose abnormalities such as tumors?
PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan
Lesioning
EEG (Electroencephalogram)
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Which imaging technology provides detailed pictures of the brain's structures using magnetic fields and radio waves?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Computed Tomography scan (CT)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Considering knowledge gained from positron emission tomography (PET) scans, what conclusion might be drawn about the use of glucose metabolism as a marker for neural activity during complex cognitive tasks?
Glucose metabolism throughout the brain is uniform regardless of cognitive demand.
Sudden drops in glucose metabolism in all brain regions signal increased cognitive effort.
Glucose levels remain constant regardless of task difficulty, thus proving a poor indicator of neuronal activity.
Changes in glucose metabolism localized to certain brain regions reflect where cognitive processing occurs during that task.

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If transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were used on bilinguals performing a task switching exercise, what might this reveal about the influence of culture on executive function?
Undetectable differences since culture does not affect neuropsychological functions like task switching.
Potential shifts in cortical excitability indicating plasticity linked with juggling multiple languages shaped by cultural contexts.
Similar response times across all bilinguals irrespective of their cultural background or language fluency.
Increased difficulty in distinguishing languages but no insights into underlying executive control mechanisms.
What tool can researchers use to detect brain waves?
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Computerized Axial Tomography Scan (CAT Scan)
Functional MRI (fMRI)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Why would an fMRI be used over a regular MRI in a research study on meditation's effects on brain activity?
An fMRI can visualize blood flow, indicating areas of heightened neural activity.
An fMRI is less expensive than an MRI.
An fMRI has no risk of radiation exposure.
An fMRI takes less time to conduct than an MRI.