Biological Basis of Behavior
An experiment that demonstrates a link between the size of a specific brain region and an individual's capacity for memory would best illustrate which psychological approach?
Social-cultural perspective
Behavior perspective
Cognitive perspective
Humanistic perspective
What is the technique that uses electrodes placed on the scalp to record the electrical activity of the brain, which can be used to study brain waves and diagnose neurological disorders?
CT scan
MRI
EEG
PET scan
Which brain imaging technique would reveal the most detailed information about the activity of specific neurons while a subject performs a memory task?
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan
How could comparative studies using event-related potentials (ERPs) measure subtle differences in emotional processing between Easterners and Westerners when exposed to affective stimuli?
General absence of significant findings due to stimuli being interpreted similarly across different societies.
Variations in amplitudes related to attentional and evaluative processes of emotional stimuli.
Identical ERP signatures across cultures demonstrating universality of emotional reactivity.
Heightened ERP waves reflecting greater emotional resonance regardless of specific cultural influences.
If transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were used on bilinguals performing a task switching exercise, what might this reveal about the influence of culture on executive function?
Undetectable differences since culture does not affect neuropsychological functions like task switching.
Potential shifts in cortical excitability indicating plasticity linked with juggling multiple languages shaped by cultural contexts.
Similar response times across all bilinguals irrespective of their cultural background or language fluency.
Increased difficulty in distinguishing languages but no insights into underlying executive control mechanisms.
Why would an fMRI be used over a regular MRI in a research study on meditation's effects on brain activity?
An fMRI can visualize blood flow, indicating areas of heightened neural activity.
An fMRI is less expensive than an MRI.
An fMRI has no risk of radiation exposure.
An fMRI takes less time to conduct than an MRI.
Why might a researcher choose to use an EEG over an fMRI when studying sleep patterns?
EEG can track rapid fluctuations in brain wave activity across stages of sleep.
fMRI cannot record neural activity during sleep cycles.
EEG can provide three-dimensional images of the sleep cycle.
EEG uses less radiation than fMRI.

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What is an ethical concern when using positron emission tomography (PET) scans in studies requiring repeated measures over time on individuals with compromised cognitive abilities?
Access to technology across diverse populations
The clarity and resolution quality of images
Potential health risk due to radiation exposure
The duration required for image processing
What is the technique that uses a small wire electrode inserted into a muscle to record the electrical activity of muscle fibers, which can be used to diagnose neuromuscular disorders and evaluate muscle function?
EMG
MRI
PET scan
CT scan
What is a limitation of using MRI scans to study brain function?
They cannot trace real-time brain activity.
They produce low-resolution images of brain structures.
They fail to provide any information about blood flow in the brain.
They require risky radioactive tracers to function.