Motivation, Emotion, and Personality
What is a pro of projective tests?
They cannot apply to everyone.
They are valid and reliable.
They are designed to get beneath the conscious surface of someone’s self-understanding.
They explore limited amounts of traits.
When considering diagnostic criteria for personality disorders within the DSM-5 framework, a clinician identifies patterns profoundly deviating from cultural expectations affecting cognition and interpersonal functioning; which domain is least likely being assessed?
Discrepancy between ego - ideal reality reflected via distorted identity perception.
Consistent difficulties maintaining relationships characterized enduring antagonism coldness.
Empathy levels specific to situational contexts NOT covered by broad diagnosis criteria/ standards.
Pervasive pattern relating affectivity exhibiting marked emotional instability / reactivity.
Which of the following applications is NOT a valid use of the Big Five personality traits theory?
In understanding key human personality differences.
Predicting physical health outcomes.
In predicting job performance.
For personal growth and self-understanding.
What is an individual's consistent pattern of feeling, thinking, and behaving known as?
Personality
Character
Attitude
Temperament
A longitudinal study finds that individuals who score high in openness on the Big Five Inventory are more likely to engage in creative professions; this finding best supports which perspective on personality?
Psychodynamic Perspective
Behavioral Perspective
Trait Perspective
Social-Cognitive Perspective
Which factor could constitute an ethical dilemma when using projective tests like Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?
They may reveal deeply repressed personal issues causing distress to the examinee.
The interpretation of results depends heavily on examiner bias which can manipulate outcomes.
They take a long time to administer and cause fatigue in participants.
The results are often unreliable and lack validity.
Which personality inventory uses false/true questions to assess a person's personality traits?
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

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Which experimental design can best examine how self-esteem impacts response to criticism among introverted and extraverted individuals?
Measure levels of introversion or extraversion after exposure to criticism without prior grouping based on these traits.
Experiment with other personality factors like neuroticism or openness instead of introversion/extraversion when exposing participants to criticism.
Assess individual reactions towards praise rather than criticism in both groups.
Create two groups based on introversion and extraversion, expose them to criticism, then measure self-esteem.
Which advanced statistical technique would best allow researchers studying Big Five inventory scores globally evaluate underlying factors contributing both between-subjects (cross-culture) and within-subjects (individual variation) comparisons?
Principal component analysis (PCA)
Structural equation modeling (SEM)
Multilevel modeling (MLM)
Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
Which technique would be most appropriate for ensuring that a new personality inventory is culturally unbiased when administered to various ethnic groups within the United States?
Applying identical norms derived from majority-culture data sets
Conducting cross-cultural pilot studies before finalizing the inventory
Translating inventory instructions into multiple languages only
Limiting the sample population to individuals born in the U.S.