Motivation, Emotion, and Personality
In assessing stress-related disorders, which factor would psychodynamic theorists primarily consider indicative of abnormal functioning?
Dysfunctional social interactions stemming from inadequate reinforcement history for social skills.
Neurochemical imbalances resulting from chronic exposure to stress that alter mood states.
Manifestation of anxiety attributed to unresolved internal conflicts from early life experiences.
Observable physiological responses to stressors, such as increased heart rate or sweating.
How does the "tend-and-befriend" response, typically associated with stress in females, align with evolutionary theories?
It indicates that solitary behavior is a defense mechanism against stress.
It posits that aggression is an adaptive response in stressful situations.
It implies that females are more prone to physiological ailments due to stress.
It suggests that protecting offspring and forming social alliances may increase survival rates.
Which experimental design can demonstrate whether mindfulness practices reduce perceived work-related stress?
Assessing employees' mood states before formal performance appraisals only once, regardless of whether mindfulness has been practiced or not.
Holding informal interviews with workers asking if they consider themselves mindful individuals without providing any form of training or measuring changes over time.
Initiating a randomized controlled trial where participants undergo workplace mindfulness training or standard break routines, with follow-up self-reports on perceived job stress across weeks.
Tracking the productivity levels after implementing company-wide yoga sessions without controlling for other variables.
A(n) _________ is the stimulus that provokes a ____________. ________ is the process by which we appraise and deal with challenges.
alarm, stress attack, stress
stressor, stress response, stress
stress, stress response, stress
stress response, stress reaction, stress
Which term refers to non-specific methods used by individuals to deal with life's demands and challenges?
Emotional intelligence
Defense mechanisms
Social readjustment
Coping strategies
If an individual utilizes emotion-focused coping to handle workplace stress through seeking social support, what limitation might a humanistic psychologist identify in this approach?
It does not consider the biological bases of stress responses.
It may not address deeper needs for personal growth and fulfillment.
It could reinforce maladaptive behavior patterns without providing insight.
It overlooks the potential role of unconscious conflict in stress reactions.
What type of stressors are ongoing sources of stress that persist for extended periods?
Chronic stressors
Daily hassles
Acute stressors
Life events

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In order to generalize findings about coping strategies among teenagers worldwide, researchers should ensure their sample is:
Representative of the global teenage population
Including only teenagers from urban areas
Restricted to participants available through convenient sampling
Comprised solely of volunteers from one high school
What can a perceived lack of control over a stressful event lead to?
Lower respiration rates
Less frustration regarding the event
Decreased arousal
More reported stress
Chronic stress:
strenthens the immune system, making it more likely to catch a virus.
strengthens the immune system, making it less likely to catch a virus.
weakens the immune response, making it more likely to catch a virus.
weakens the immune response, making it less likely to catch a virus.