All Flashcards
How does expert opinion strengthen an argument?
It lends authority and credibility to claims, supported by expertise in the field.
Why is reasoning crucial in research?
It connects evidence to claims, explaining the significance and implications of the evidence.
What should reasoning explain?
Interpretations, inferences, patterns, trends, and relationships within the evidence.
How can examples strengthen evidence?
Concrete examples illustrate points, making them more understandable and relatable.
What is the role of evidence in defining concepts?
Evidence can clarify terms and ideas, providing a solid basis for understanding.
How can evidence be used to set the mood?
By creating an emotional connection with the audience, making the argument more persuasive.
Why is it important to consider the audience when choosing evidence?
Tailoring evidence to the audience ensures it is understandable and persuasive.
What does it mean to 'amplify' a point using evidence?
To expand upon a point, providing more detail and support.
What does it mean to 'qualify' a point using evidence?
To limit the scope of a point, making it more precise and accurate.
Why is it important to avoid cherry-picking evidence?
It leads to a biased and incomplete argument, undermining the credibility of the research.
Why is relevance important when choosing evidence?
Evidence must directly support your claim to be effective; irrelevant evidence weakens your argument.
How can expert opinions strengthen an argument?
Expert opinions add authority and credibility to your claims, making them more persuasive.
What is the role of reasoning in connecting evidence to a claim?
Reasoning explains the significance of the evidence and how it logically supports the claim.
How can examples be used effectively as evidence?
Examples illustrate your points, making them more concrete and understandable for the audience.
What should you do if you find contradictory evidence?
Address it directly in your research, explaining why it doesn't invalidate your claim or how it can be reconciled.
How does audience affect the choice of evidence?
Evidence should be tailored to the audience's knowledge level and interests to be most impactful.
Explain the difference between amplifying and qualifying a claim.
Amplifying expands on a point, while qualifying limits its scope; evidence can be used for both.
What is the danger of only using one type of evidence?
Relying on a single type of evidence can lead to a biased or incomplete argument; diverse evidence is stronger.
How can evidence be used to define concepts?
Evidence can provide clarity and context for complex terms and ideas, ensuring the audience understands them.
How can evidence be used to set a mood?
Carefully selected evidence can create an emotional connection with the audience, making the argument more engaging.
Define 'evidence' in research.
Anything that backs up your claims, including facts, observations, expert opinions, etc.
What does S.A.R.C.C. stand for?
Sufficient, Accurate, Relevant, Current, and Credible. Criteria for evaluating evidence quality.
Define 'reasoning' in research.
The explanation that connects evidence to claims, interpreting its meaning and significance.
What is a primary source?
Original materials or firsthand accounts (e.g., interviews, experiments).
What is a secondary source?
Interpretations or analyses of primary sources (e.g., literature reviews, textbooks).
Define 'qualitative evidence'.
Evidence based on observations, interviews, or textual analysis, often descriptive.
Define 'quantitative evidence'.
Evidence based on numerical data and statistical analysis.
Define 'credibility' of a source.
The trustworthiness and reliability of a source, based on expertise and lack of bias.
What is 'cherry-picking' in research?
Selecting only the evidence that supports a claim while ignoring contradictory evidence; considered unethical.
Define 'bias' in research sources.
A tendency to lean in a certain direction, either in favor of or against a particular thing; can affect credibility.