It poses a major hurdle for economic stability and growth, limiting the government's ability to invest in essential services and infrastructure.

It represents a critical social and economic challenge, leading to brain drain, social unrest, and a loss of potential economic productivity.

It puts significant pressure on the pension system and the workforce, with fewer young workers supporting an increasing number of retirees.

It promotes student mobility and standardization of higher education across Europe, facilitating international academic exchange and recognition of degrees.

This geographic position places a strain on resources and infrastructure, creating social and political challenges related to integration and border management.

Reflects the country's rich history and culture, emphasizing classics, literature, and the arts to preserve and promote Italian heritage.

Italy seeks assistance from the EU to manage the migration crisis, highlighting the need for shared responsibility and coordinated policies in addressing the issue.

Italian universities have a long history of contributing significantly to culture and research, fostering innovation and attracting international students and scholars.

Government-operated centers providing basic services to migrants, though often struggling with overcrowding and limited resources.

The national government sets educational policies and standards, ensuring consistency across the country.

Inequality

Weak institutions

Infrastructure

Economic development

Religion

Catholicism

Christianity

Healthcare system

Colonization

Revolution

Socialism

Economic and political challenges

Ideology

To spread Catholicism, which still influences education, healthcare, and social services.

It's a key example of an ideological conflict and its profound impact on society, frequently appearing in FRQs.

It significantly shapes education, healthcare, and social services.

High levels of income inequality, often perpetuated by elites influencing policies.

Weak institutions slow economic growth in young democracies.

Corruption leads to poor infrastructure, hindering economic growth and reducing quality of life.

It has exacerbated poverty, inequality, and famine in Spanish-speaking countries.

Economic issues due to the fall of the Soviet Union, though Cuba has adopted policies to mitigate these impacts.

It challenges the Catholic Church, leading to political competition based on religious lines.

To reduce poverty and inequality, and improve access to healthcare and education.