All Flashcards
What are the differences between voluntary response and convenience sampling?
Voluntary Response: Participants choose to participate, often with strong opinions. | Convenience Sampling: Researchers choose participants based on ease of access.
What are the differences between undercoverage and nonresponse bias?
Undercoverage: Some groups have reduced chance of selection. | Nonresponse: Selected individuals don't respond, differing from respondents.
What is bias in data collection?
Systematic favoring of certain responses over others, leading to underestimation or overestimation of a value.
What is voluntary response bias?
Bias occurring when a sample comprises volunteers, potentially skewing results due to non-random selection.
What is undercoverage bias?
Bias resulting from a portion of the population having a reduced chance of inclusion in the sample.
What is nonresponse bias?
Bias when individuals chosen for a sample don't respond and differ from those who do.
What is question wording bias?
Bias introduced when the wording of a question influences the response.
What is convenience sampling?
Sampling based on ease of access or availability, rather than random selection, leading to a non-representative sample.
Explain voluntary response bias.
Occurs when only volunteers participate, leading to over-representation of individuals with strong opinions.
Explain undercoverage bias.
Happens when some members of the population are inadequately represented in the sample.
Explain nonresponse bias.
Arises when a significant portion of those sampled do not respond, and they differ systematically from respondents.
Explain question wording bias.
The way a question is phrased can influence the answers given by respondents.
Explain convenience sampling.
Selecting a sample based on easy accessibility, which often leads to a non-representative sample.
Explain why sampling bias matters.
It leads to data and analysis that are not representative of the population, invalidating the results.