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What is the Null Hypothesis (H0)?
The statement we're trying to find evidence *against*. It's our initial assumption about the population parameter, written as p = [some value].
What is the Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)?
The claim that contradicts the null hypothesis, written as p < [some value], p > [some value], or p ≠ [some value].
What is a one-tailed test?
A test where the alternative hypothesis uses < or >, indicating interest in a change in one direction only.
What is a two-tailed test?
A test where the alternative hypothesis uses ≠, indicating interest in a change in either direction.
What is the p-value?
The probability of getting a sample proportion as extreme as (or more extreme than) ours, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
What are the differences between the null and alternative hypotheses?
Null Hypothesis: Statement we are trying to find evidence against, assumes no effect. | Alternative Hypothesis: Statement we are trying to support, contradicts the null hypothesis.
What are the differences between a one-tailed and a two-tailed test?
One-tailed Test: Tests for a change in one direction (either > or <). | Two-tailed Test: Tests for a change in either direction (≠).
What is the formula for the z-score in a one-proportion z-test?
$z = \frac{\hat{p} - p_0}{\sqrt{\frac{p_0(1-p_0)}{n}}}$ where $\hat{p}$ is the sample proportion, $p_0$ is the hypothesized population proportion, and n is the sample size.
How to calculate the standard error of the sample proportion?
$\sqrt{\frac{p_0(1-p_0)}{n}}$ where $p_0$ is the hypothesized population proportion, and n is the sample size.