Exploring One–Variable Data
When comparing two distributions with similar means but different ranges, what can be inferred if one distribution has a larger interquartile range (IQR)?
It has greater variability in its middle 50% of values.
Its median will be significantly higher than that of the other distribution.
Its mean is more likely to be an outlier.
It has less variability in its middle 50% of values.
How does an increase in sample size affect Type II errors if other factors such as significance level and effect size remain constant during hypothesis testing?
It decreases their likelihood.
They become more likely.
They can only be determined post hoc.
There's no change to their likelihood.
In a statistical study comparing the salaries of individuals with different levels of education, what type of graph would be most appropriate to display the distribution of salaries for each education level?
Side-by-side boxplots
Scatterplot with education level on the x-axis and salary on the y-axis
Pie chart
Histogram with cumulative frequencies
When describing a symmetric distribution, which measure of center is often reported with the standard deviation?
Median
Mean
Range
Mode
Which graphical display would best show the distribution of a quantitative variable for one group alongside its outliers?
Bar graph
Scatterplot
Boxplot
Histogram
How should one interpret an extremely low p-value (much lower than any commonly used significance level) obtained from performing hypothesis testing on sample data against an assumed population parameter?
Indication that test was conducted improperly; redo test
Evidence supports null hypothesis; no effect observed
Strong evidence against null hypothesis; favor alternative hypothesis
Insufficient evidence to draw conclusions; further data required
Which graphical representation would best show the frequency distribution for final grades in a large statistics class?
Boxplot
Histogram
Scatterplot
Stem-and-leaf plot

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Which graphical representation can best show detailed individual data points while also highlighting potential outliers?
Box plot
Histogram
Bar graph
Pie chart
When examining the distribution of a quantitative variable, what is most appropriate to use when the data is skewed?
Mean and standard deviation
Midrange and mean absolute deviation
Median and interquartile range (IQR)
Mode and range
Given an image of a histogram, how can you determine if a histogram is symmetric?
By counting the number of peaks
By calculating the mode and median
By visually inspecting the shape of the histogram
By identifying gaps in the data