Exploring One–Variable Data
When comparing two distributions with similar means but different ranges, what can be inferred if one distribution has a larger interquartile range (IQR)?
It has greater variability in its middle 50% of values.
Its median will be significantly higher than that of the other distribution.
Its mean is more likely to be an outlier.
It has less variability in its middle 50% of values.
How does an increase in sample size affect Type II errors if other factors such as significance level and effect size remain constant during hypothesis testing?
It decreases their likelihood.
They become more likely.
They can only be determined post hoc.
There's no change to their likelihood.
Which graphical representation can best show detailed individual data points while also highlighting potential outliers?
Box plot
Histogram
Bar graph
Pie chart
When examining the distribution of a quantitative variable, what is most appropriate to use when the data is skewed?
Mean and standard deviation
Midrange and mean absolute deviation
Median and interquartile range (IQR)
Mode and range
Given a perfectly bell-shaped curve representing the grades for an entire school year, which percentage best represents the proportion of students receiving Cs if the C range is defined as the middle third of the curve?
Approximately 33%
Less than a fifth, around 20%
Over half, nearly 75%
Around 25%
Which graphical representation would best show the frequency distribution for final grades in a large statistics class?
Boxplot
Histogram
Scatterplot
Stem-and-leaf plot
Given an image of a histogram, how can you determine if a histogram is symmetric?
By counting the number of peaks
By calculating the mode and median
By visually inspecting the shape of the histogram
By identifying gaps in the data

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Which method would best assess whether a statistical model's performance is consistent across different datasets from varied sources?
Single dataset testing with repeated random sampling
Cross-validation using datasets from distinct populations
Bootstrap resampling within one source dataset
Adjusting the confidence level for each distinct dataset
In an experiment comparing two treatments using matched pairs design, how should subjects be paired in order to minimize confounding variables’ effects?
Arrange pairs according to their availability or convenience for study scheduling purposes.
Randomly assign each subject into one pair or another regardless of characteristics.
Based on similar characteristics relevant to treatment outcomes.
Pair subjects from different demographic groups for diversity representation.
What graphical summary tool would you use to compare two datasets for patterns in variability?
Overlaid histograms
Scatterplots with different symbols for each dataset
Side-by-side boxplots
Cumulative frequency graphs