Collecting Data
A researcher is studying the sleep habits of college students. They randomly select 200 students from a university to survey. In this scenario, what is the sample?
All college students in the world.
All students at the specific university.
The 200 students selected for the survey.
The researcher conducting the study.
Which of the following study types can establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables?
Observational study
Retrospective study
Prospective study
Experiment
A researcher collects data on the income and education levels of individuals in a town, but only relies on information shared by volunteers. What is the most significant implication of this non-random approach to data collection?
The sample will perfectly represent the population.
The results may be biased and not generalizable to the entire town's population.
Causation can be established between income and education levels.
Random variation will be eliminated.
What is a Simple Random Sample (SRS)?
A sample where every nth member is selected.
A sample where the population is divided into subgroups and then a sample is taken from each subgroup.
A sample where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
A sample where the population is divided into clusters and then a random sample of clusters is selected.
What is the key difference between stratified and cluster sampling?
Stratified sampling involves selecting every nth member, while cluster sampling selects only a few members.
Stratified sampling divides the population into subgroups and samples from each, while cluster sampling divides the population into clusters and selects a random sample of clusters.
Stratified sampling is less prone to bias than cluster sampling.
Cluster sampling requires knowing the characteristics of each subgroup, while stratified sampling does not.
An educational researcher wants to survey high school students in a large school district to assess their opinions on a new curriculum. The district contains 20 high schools with vastly different demographics and academic performance levels. The researcher aims to ensure proportional representation from each school bas...
Simple Random Sample (SRS)
Stratified Random Sample
Cluster Sample
Systematic Random Sample
Which of the following is most likely to introduce bias into a survey?
Using a large sample size.
Ensuring anonymity for respondents.
Asking leading questions.
Randomly selecting participants.

How are we doing?
Give us your feedback and let us know how we can improve
How can non-response bias affect the results of a study?
It ensures that the sample is representative of the population.
It only affects the sample size but not the study's conclusions.
It can lead to an overestimation of the true population parameter.
It can skew the results if those who don't respond differ systematically from those who do.
A local government wants to gauge public opinion on a proposed tax increase to fund school improvements. They send out a survey via email but receive responses primarily from older homeowners without children in schools. Analyze the scenario and determine the type of bias present and its potential impact.
Sampling bias, leading to an overestimation of support for the tax increase.
Non-response bias, leading to an underestimation of support for the tax increase.
Voluntary response bias, potentially skewing the results towards the opinions of those with strong feelings about the issue.
Undercoverage bias, accurately reflecting the opinions of the entire population.
In an experiment studying the effect of a new drug on blood pressure, what are the experimental units?
The new drug.
The participants in the study.
The blood pressure measurements.
The researchers.