Chi–Squares
When interpreting a correlation coefficient close to -1, what can you conclude about the relationship between two variables?
There's a weak positive linear relationship between them.
There's a strong negative linear relationship between them.
There's no relationship between them.
There’s only causation and no correlation present between them.
A study wants to investigate whether there is an association between educational attainment (high school, college, graduate) and employment status (employed, unemployed). Which chi-squared test should be used?
Homogeneity Test
Independence Test
Goodness of Fit Test
Two-sample chi-squared test
If an outlier significantly impacts the mean but not the median of a dataset, which measure of center should be used to evaluate the robustness of a statistical model predicting home prices in a neighborhood with one extremely expensive man...
Mean, because it includes all values in the dataset.
Range, because it shows the spread of home prices.
Mode, because it represents the most common home price.
Median, because it is less affected by extreme values.
To establish causality between two variables what kind of study should be conducted?
Experiment
Observational study
Descriptive statistics
Sampling distribution
If a scatterplot of data points shows a linear pattern, which statistical measure would best describe the strength and direction of the relationship between the variables?
Pearson's correlation coefficient (r)
Standard deviation of the residuals
Difference between two means
Slope of the least squares regression line
If a survey is conducted with a larger sample size, how will the width of the confidence interval for the population mean most likely change?
Double in size
Increase
Decrease
Remain unchanged
When increasing the sample size in a study while maintaining the same level of confidence, what is the effect on the width of the confidence interval?
The width of the confidence interval increases.
The width of the confidence interval remains unchanged.
The level of confidence changes instead of the width.
The width of the confidence interval decreases.

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What inferential statistic technique would likely yield most precise confidence interval estimate population mean given large sample size normal population distribution known standard deviation?
T-interval estimation
Z-interval estimation
Bootstrap resampling technique
Median absolute deviation approach
A company wants to compare the proportion of defective products produced by two different assembly lines. Which chi-squared test should be used?
Homogeneity Test
Independence Test
Goodness of Fit Test
Two-sample chi-squared test
If a study shows a strong correlation between the number of hours students studied and their test scores, which statement best illustrates why this relationship may not imply causation?
The increase in study time causes an improvement in test scores because studying enhances understanding.
There could be a lurking variable, such as prior knowledge, that affects both study time and test scores.
Students who scored higher on the test might have been more motivated to study longer hours.
Students who studied for fewer hours might have had other educational resources to help them score well.