All Flashcards
Significance of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
Established judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
Impact of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?
Declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.
Significance of Roe v. Wade (1973)?
Established a woman's right to an abortion, based on the right to privacy.
Significance of Miranda v. Arizona?
Established that criminal suspects must be informed of their constitutional rights, including the right to an attorney and against self-incrimination, prior to interrogation.
Significance of Gideon v. Wainwright?
Established that states are required to provide legal counsel to indigent defendants in criminal cases.
Define Jurisdiction.
The Court's authority to hear a case.
Define Oral Arguments.
Lawyers present their case to the justices.
What are Briefs?
Written arguments submitted by each side in a case.
Define Precedent.
Previous court decisions that guide future cases.
What is a Majority Opinion?
The decision of the majority of justices.
Define Dissenting Opinion.
Justices disagreeing with the majority.
What is a Concurring Opinion?
Justices agreeing with the outcome, but for different reasons.
Define Writ of Certiorari.
A request to have a case heard by the Supreme Court.
Define Writ of Habeas Corpus.
A legal order to produce a prisoner and justify their detention.
What are Amicus Curiae Briefs?
"Friend of the court" briefs from interested parties.
Cause and effect of Presidential Appointments?
Cause: Presidents appoint justices who share their views. Effect: Potentially shifts the Court's ideology.
Cause and effect of Legislative Action on the Court?
Cause: Congress limits the Court's jurisdiction. Effect: Prevents certain appeals.
Cause and effect of Executive Branch refusal to implement court rulings?
Cause: The Executive Branch may not enforce the Court's decisions. Effect: Limits the impact and authority of the Court's rulings.
Cause and effect of Justice Kavanaugh's Confirmation (2018)?
Cause: Highly controversial confirmation process. Effect: Seen by many as politically motivated, increasing perceptions of partisanship on the Court.
Cause and effect of Justice Barrett's Confirmation (2020)?
Cause: Seen as politically motivated, leading to partisan battles. Effect: Increased perceptions of partisanship on the Court.