A judicial philosophy that encourages judges to limit the exercise of their own power and defer to the legislative and executive branches.

A judicial philosophy that encourages judges to use their power to correct injustices, especially when the other branches of government are unwilling or unable to do so.

Final interpreter of the Constitution and federal law.

The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws or actions of the executive and legislative branches unconstitutional.

Allows justices to make decisions based on the Constitution and law without political pressure.

The President is expected to enforce the Court's rulings, but they have some discretion.

Congress can limit the Court's jurisdiction or pass laws to prevent certain appeals.

The Senate confirms presidential nominees to the Supreme Court.

The President nominates justices to the Supreme Court.

Established judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.

Established a woman's right to an abortion, based on the right to privacy.

Established that criminal suspects must be informed of their constitutional rights, including the right to an attorney and against self-incrimination, prior to interrogation.

Established that states are required to provide legal counsel to indigent defendants in criminal cases.