All Flashcards
Significance of Tinker v. Des Moines?
Protects symbolic speech in schools if no substantial disruption.
Significance of Schenck v. US?
Speech limited if it poses a 'clear and present danger'.
Significance of Engel v. Vitale?
School-sponsored prayer is unconstitutional, violates Establishment Clause.
Significance of Wisconsin v. Yoder?
Free Exercise Clause protects religious practices if no compelling government interest.
Significance of New York Times v. US?
Ruled against prior restraint; press can publish unless direct threat.
Significance of McDonald v. Chicago?
Incorporated the Second Amendment to states, limiting gun restrictions.
Significance of Gideon v. Wainwright?
Guarantees right to an attorney in all criminal cases, incorporated.
Significance of Brown v. Board of Education?
Overturned 'separate but equal'; segregated schools unconstitutional.
Significance of Miranda v. Arizona?
Informed of rights before questioning (remain silent, attorney).
Significance of Mapp v. Ohio?
Established the Exclusionary Rule; illegally obtained evidence inadmissible.
Purpose of Affirmative Action?
Aid groups facing past discrimination; race can be a factor.
Purpose of Title IX?
Prohibits sex-based discrimination in federally funded education.
Cause and effect of selective incorporation?
Cause: 14th Amendment. Effect: Bill of Rights applies to states.
Cause and effect of Brown v. Board of Education?
Cause: Segregation in schools. Effect: Overturned 'separate but equal'.