All Flashcards
Define Due Process Clause.
Ensures fairness in legal proceedings; protects against arbitrary government actions.
Define Right to Privacy.
Inferred constitutional right protecting personal decisions and autonomy.
Define Procedural Due Process.
Ensures the government follows fair procedures when taking away life, liberty, or property.
Define Incorporation.
Applying the Bill of Rights to the states through the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause.
Define Substantive Due Process.
Protects fundamental rights not explicitly listed in the Constitution.
Define Selective Incorporation.
Applying the Bill of Rights to the states through the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause, on a case-by-case basis.
What is the Exclusionary Rule?
Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in a criminal trial.
What are fundamental rights?
Rights considered essential to liberty and happiness; protected by substantive due process.
What is the 14th Amendment?
Amendment that includes the Due Process Clause, used for incorporation and protecting individual rights.
Define Indigent.
Lacking the financial means; poor or impoverished.
What was the significance of Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)?
Established the right to privacy as a constitutional right; struck down a state law banning contraceptives.
What was the significance of Roe v. Wade (1973)?
Established a woman's right to an abortion based on the right to privacy.
What was the significance of Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022)?
Overturned Roe v. Wade, stating the Constitution does not guarantee a right to abortion.
What was the significance of Palko v. Connecticut (1937)?
Established the concept of substantive due process.
What was the significance of Mapp v. Ohio (1961)?
Applied the exclusionary rule to the states.
What was the significance of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)?
Guaranteed the right to counsel for indigent defendants in state criminal trials.
What was the significance of Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972)?
Extended the right to use contraceptives to unmarried individuals.
What right did Gideon v. Wainwright establish?
The right to counsel for indigent defendants in state criminal trials.
What did Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization do?
Overturned Roe v. Wade, returning abortion regulation to states.
What right did Griswold v. Connecticut establish?
The right to privacy in marital relations, specifically regarding contraception.
What are the differences between procedural and substantive due process?
Procedural: Fairness in how the government acts. | Substantive: Protecting fundamental rights; about the content of the law.