A mix of cultures, ideas, and beliefs within a society.

Organizations that work to advance their own goals and interests by influencing policy.

The freedom of individuals to make their own choices and exercise their rights without undue government interference.

The maintenance of social and political structures to ensure a functioning society, often involving government authority.

When a group's voices are not adequately heard or their needs addressed in the political process.

A course of action undertaken by a government to address a problem or issue.

Government intervention in the economy to ensure fairness, equity, and stability.

Basic rights and freedoms guaranteed to individuals as protection against government actions.

The act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials in the government.

Activities citizens engage in to influence the structure, selection, or policies of the government.

Granted women the right to vote, expanding political participation and representation.

Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, promoting equality.

Prohibited racial discrimination in voting, ensuring equal access to the ballot box.

Established a system of old-age benefits, unemployment insurance, and aid to families with dependent children, providing economic security.

Established national standards for air quality, limiting pollution and promoting environmental health.

Regulates discharges of pollutants into U.S. waters and controls pollution by setting wastewater standards.

Prohibits discrimination based on disability, ensuring equal opportunities and access.

Guarantees basic rights of private sector employees to organize into trade unions, engage in collective bargaining, and strike if necessary.

Prohibits monopolies and agreements that restrain trade, promoting competition in the marketplace.

Establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and child labor standards affecting full-time and part-time workers in the private sector and in Federal, State, and local governments.

Cause: Diverse groups pushing for reform. Effect: Federal income tax, FDA, child labor laws.

Cause: Women fighting for political representation. Effect: 19th Amendment (right to vote).

Cause: Marginalized communities not having their voices heard. Effect: Their needs being overlooked in policy.

Cause: Well-organized groups with resources and agendas. Effect: Policies that may not reflect the opinions of most people.

Cause: Government prioritizing stability during WWII. Effect: Internment of Japanese Americans, limiting individual liberty.

Cause: 9/11 terrorist attacks. Effect: Increased government surveillance, raising concerns about civil liberties.

Cause: Great Depression, desire for economic security. Effect: Expansion of government role in economy and social welfare.

Cause: Instability in the financial markets. Effect: Government bailouts and increased financial regulation.

Cause: Workers pushing for better conditions. Effect: Eight-hour workday and workplace safety standards.

Cause: African Americans advocating for equal rights. Effect: Anti-lynching laws and anti-segregation legislation.