Branches of Government
What does an 'iron triangle' refer to in policy development?
The triangular communication flow within a bureaucratic agency
An alliance between state governments in framing common policies
A structure where three branches of government share equal power
A relationship between congressional committees, the federal bureaucracy, and interest groups during policy creation
Which concept explains why lower-level bureaucrats comply with decisions from higher authorities within their agency?
Merit-based promotion motivates individuals to create their own policies rather than following those from above.
Regulatory capture defines loyalty amongst bureaucrats towards superior officials' mandates exclusively.
Hierarchical authority ensures adherence to top-down directives among subordinates.
Whistleblower protection encourages workers to follow upper management decisions without question.
How does the Senate's use of advice and consent for presidential appointments to the bureaucracy serve as a check on executive power?
It allows senators to directly participate in the appointment process and make decisions for the executive branch.
It permits bureaucrats to leverage their expertise against political influence by seeking Senate support.
It ensures that appointees are subjected to scrutiny and must have qualifications that satisfy the legislative branch.
It enables the judiciary to overturn appointments that do not meet constitutional standards without Senate approval.
When considering educational reforms, which position would a social democrat in the Department of Education most likely support?
Providing more federal funds for high-poverty school districts
Decreasing regulatory standards for schools that receive federal aid
Introducing market-based reforms to increase competition among schools
Implementing vouchers that redirect funds from public schools to private ones
Which of the following best describes how a government regulation created by a bureaucratic agency can be overturned?
By passing a new piece of legislation in both state legislatures.
By a majority public vote in a national referendum.
Through judicial review if the regulation is deemed unconstitutional.
Through an executive order issued solely by the President.
What role does an independent regulatory commission serve within the bureaucracy?
Draft bills to submit to congress
Direct military actions
Adjudicate criminal cases
Enforce regulations in specific economic sectors
How did the implementation of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883 affect the composition and function of the federal bureaucracy?
It led to a significant reduction in the overall size of the federal bureaucracy.
It decreased the influence of patronage systems and increased merit-based hiring.
It expanded presidential powers to appoint bureaucrats without Senate confirmation.
It established term limits for bureaucratic appointments to ensure regular turnover.

How are we doing?
Give us your feedback and let us know how we can improve
Which branch of government does the federal bureaucracy fall under?
None; it's independent from all three branches
Legislative Branch
Judicial Branch
Executive Branch
If ongoing political polarization continues, what effect could this have on the functioning and perception of U.S. bureaucracies?
It will inevitably lead to a unified bipartisan support for bureaucracy reformations across board.
It could undermine collective faith in these institutions due to perceived biases or inefficiencies.
Polarization would likely dissolve most bureaucratic entities due to increased disagreement over their functioning.
Extreme partisan division might cause an increase in small partisan-based bureaucracies within the government.
Why might Congress implement oversight hearings on a bureaucratic agency?
To provide bureaucrats with a public forum for presenting policy proposals
To evaluate whether the agency is efficiently implementing laws in accordance with legislative intent
To directly reverse policies implemented by the agency that contradict current administration goals
To gather information for drafting new legislature targeting specific industry sectors