American Political Ideologies and Beliefs

Dual focuses on judicially resolving disputes among levels whilst cooperative promotes legislative supremacy over other branches' roles in governance.

Cooperative has clear divisions between state and national powers; dual involves shared functions across levels of governance.

Dual maintains distinct layers of government without intermixing duties, while cooperative blur lines through collaboration on issues.

Dual holds that states should be superior, whereas cooperative puts national interests first above all else.

Offering tax incentives for long-term research into renewable energy technologies.

Subsidizing the oil industry to lower fuel costs for consumers.

Increasing funding for highways and infrastructure development.

Implementing a carbon tax on vehicle emissions.

The nineteenth amendment.

The fifteenth amendment.

The thirteenth amendment.

The fourteenth amendment.

Hurricane Katrina

Space Race

Vietnam War

Watergate Scandal

Limit Congress to regulate only intrastate commerce.

Exclude any form of commercial activity from congressional legislation.

Expand the scope of federal regulations on economic activity.

Delegate regulatory power exclusively to state governments.

The president issues an executive order to implement a new policy.

The president appoints a new member to their cabinet without any opposition.

The president vetoes a bill passed by Congress.

The Senate rejects a treaty negotiated by the president.

The Prime Minister would recommend a nominee who is then usually confirmed by the majority party without extensive hearings.

The Judiciary Committee would conduct public hearings before the full chamber votes on confirmation.

A separate judicial panel would nominate justices, and the parliament would vote without debate.

Justices would be elected directly by citizens in a national vote, eliminating parliamentary involvement.

Legislative supremacy

Executive privilege

Judicial review

Federalism

The President's party could easily pass reforms as long as they have simple majority support among voters nationwide.

Legislation like healthcare reform wouldn't be influenced significantly as individual representatives still vote based on constituents' needs.

Coalition governments may form leading to compromises that reflect varied interests resulting in more moderate policies.

Party-line voting would be stricter, making it harder to pass significant healthcare reforms without complete control of Congress.

Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council (1984)

FCC v. Fox Television Stations (2009)

City of Boerne v. Flores (1997)

Ashwander v. TVA (1936)