American Political Ideologies and Beliefs

Hurricane Katrina

Space Race

Vietnam War

Watergate Scandal

The Prime Minister would recommend a nominee who is then usually confirmed by the majority party without extensive hearings.

The Judiciary Committee would conduct public hearings before the full chamber votes on confirmation.

A separate judicial panel would nominate justices, and the parliament would vote without debate.

Justices would be elected directly by citizens in a national vote, eliminating parliamentary involvement.

Limit Congress to regulate only intrastate commerce.

Exclude any form of commercial activity from congressional legislation.

Expand the scope of federal regulations on economic activity.

Delegate regulatory power exclusively to state governments.

Dual focuses on judicially resolving disputes among levels whilst cooperative promotes legislative supremacy over other branches' roles in governance.

Cooperative has clear divisions between state and national powers; dual involves shared functions across levels of governance.

Dual maintains distinct layers of government without intermixing duties, while cooperative blur lines through collaboration on issues.

Dual holds that states should be superior, whereas cooperative puts national interests first above all else.

Legislative supremacy

Executive privilege

Judicial review

Federalism

Offering tax incentives for long-term research into renewable energy technologies.

Subsidizing the oil industry to lower fuel costs for consumers.

Increasing funding for highways and infrastructure development.

Implementing a carbon tax on vehicle emissions.

The nineteenth amendment.

The fifteenth amendment.

The thirteenth amendment.

The fourteenth amendment.

The president issues an executive order to implement a new policy.

The president appoints a new member to their cabinet without any opposition.

The president vetoes a bill passed by Congress.

The Senate rejects a treaty negotiated by the president.

They only operate at local levels and therefore do not impact national policy outcomes.

They mobilize voters and provide cues for partisanship which influence legislative decisions.

They solely fund campaigns and have no direct influence on legislative processes.

They draft legislation but do not participate in the actual policymaking process.

It had no significant impact as it simply reaffirmed previous rulings regarding the scope of the Commerce Clause.

It affirmed Congress's authority to regulate non-economic intrastate activities through a broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause.

It limited Congress's power by establishing that not all activities affecting interstate commerce justify regulation.

It expanded Congress's regulatory powers by including any activity with a substantial economic effect on interstate commerce.