All Flashcards
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, starting in the late 15th century.
What was the effect of European expansion?
Competition for land, wealth, and influence in the New World.
What was the effect of Native American migration?
Settlement across North America, adapting to diverse environments.
What was the effect of the arrival of Europeans?
Massive changes on both sides of the Atlantic.
What was a major effect of religious rivalry?
Fueled competition and colonization.
What was the effect of European desire for control?
Native American resistance.
What was the effect of mercantilism?
Colonies existed to benefit the mother country.
What was the effect of competition for land?
Significant social, political, and economic changes.
What was the effect of agriculture?
Sophisticated farming practices, even in harsh environments.
What was the effect of cultural clashes?
Fundamental differences in worldview.
What is Causation?
Understanding cause-and-effect relationships in history.
What are short-term causes?
Immediate triggers of an event.
What are long-term causes?
Underlying factors that build up over time.
What is Mercantilism?
Economic system where colonies exist to benefit the mother country.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Define 'three sisters' method.
Agricultural technique using corn, beans, and squash together.
What is meant by 'environmental adaptation'?
Modifying practices to suit different environments.
What is meant by 'cultural interactions'?
Clashes between European and Native American worldviews.
Define 'resource utilization'.
Sustainable hunting, fishing, and gathering techniques.
What are 'trade networks'?
Systems of trade and cooperation.
What were the causes and effects of the Columbian Exchange?
Causes: European desire for new trade routes, wealth, and expansion. Effects: Exchange of goods, diseases, and ideas; decimated Native American populations; transformed European diets.
What were the causes and effects of European competition in North America?
Causes: Mercantilism, religious rivalry, desire for land and resources. Effects: Colonization, conflicts with Native Americans, development of distinct colonial regions.
What were the causes and effects of cultural differences between Europeans and Native Americans?
Causes: Conflicting views on religion, gender roles, land use, and power. Effects: Misunderstandings, conflict, displacement of Native Americans, attempts at conversion.
What were the causes and effects of Native American adaptation and innovation?
Causes: Diverse environments, need for sustenance, development of complex societies. Effects: Sophisticated agriculture, sustainable resource utilization, complex social organization.
What were the causes and effects of European Expansion?
Causes: Wealth, land, and influence in the New World. Effects: Significant social, political, and economic changes.
What were the causes and effects of the transfer of diseases?
Causes: Columbian Exchange. Effects: Decimated Native American populations.
What were the causes and effects of new crops?
Causes: Columbian Exchange. Effects: Transformed European diets and agriculture.
What were the causes and effects of religious differences?
Causes: Europeans sought to convert Native Americans to Christianity. Effects: Suppressing indigenous beliefs.
What were the causes and effects of European views on land?
Causes: Europeans viewed land as a commodity. Effects: Conflict with Native Americans.
What were the causes and effects of Native American resistance?
Causes: European desire for control. Effects: Conflict and displacement.