All Flashcards
What were the causes and effects of the Columbian Exchange?
Causes: European desire for new trade routes, wealth, and expansion. Effects: Exchange of goods, diseases, and ideas; decimated Native American populations; transformed European diets.
What were the causes and effects of European competition in North America?
Causes: Mercantilism, religious rivalry, desire for land and resources. Effects: Colonization, conflicts with Native Americans, development of distinct colonial regions.
What were the causes and effects of cultural differences between Europeans and Native Americans?
Causes: Conflicting views on religion, gender roles, land use, and power. Effects: Misunderstandings, conflict, displacement of Native Americans, attempts at conversion.
What were the causes and effects of Native American adaptation and innovation?
Causes: Diverse environments, need for sustenance, development of complex societies. Effects: Sophisticated agriculture, sustainable resource utilization, complex social organization.
What were the causes and effects of European Expansion?
Causes: Wealth, land, and influence in the New World. Effects: Significant social, political, and economic changes.
What were the causes and effects of the transfer of diseases?
Causes: Columbian Exchange. Effects: Decimated Native American populations.
What were the causes and effects of new crops?
Causes: Columbian Exchange. Effects: Transformed European diets and agriculture.
What were the causes and effects of religious differences?
Causes: Europeans sought to convert Native Americans to Christianity. Effects: Suppressing indigenous beliefs.
What were the causes and effects of European views on land?
Causes: Europeans viewed land as a commodity. Effects: Conflict with Native Americans.
What were the causes and effects of Native American resistance?
Causes: European desire for control. Effects: Conflict and displacement.
What is Causation?
Understanding cause-and-effect relationships in history.
What are short-term causes?
Immediate triggers of an event.
What are long-term causes?
Underlying factors that build up over time.
What is Mercantilism?
Economic system where colonies exist to benefit the mother country.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Define 'three sisters' method.
Agricultural technique using corn, beans, and squash together.
What is meant by 'environmental adaptation'?
Modifying practices to suit different environments.
What is meant by 'cultural interactions'?
Clashes between European and Native American worldviews.
Define 'resource utilization'.
Sustainable hunting, fishing, and gathering techniques.
What are 'trade networks'?
Systems of trade and cooperation.
Compare European and Native American views on land use.
Europeans viewed land as a commodity for individual ownership and profit, while Native Americans saw it as a communal resource to be shared and respected.
Compare the goals of Spanish, French, and English colonization.
Spanish: Primarily focused on extracting wealth (gold and silver) and converting Native Americans to Christianity. French: Focused on fur trade and establishing alliances with Native American tribes. English: Focused on establishing permanent settlements and agricultural economies.
Compare short-term and long-term causes.
Short-term causes are immediate triggers of an event, while long-term causes are underlying factors that build up over time.
Compare European and Native American societies.
European societies had conflicting views on gender roles and family structures, while Native Americans had different views on gender roles and family structures.
Compare European and Native American religion.
Europeans sought to convert Native Americans to Christianity, often suppressing indigenous beliefs, while Native Americans had their own indigenous beliefs.
Compare European and Native American power.
Europeans desired control, while Native Americans resisted.
Compare European and Native American resource utilization.
Europeans utilized resources for profit, while Native Americans used sustainable hunting, fishing, and gathering techniques.
Compare European and Native American social organization.
Europeans had complex systems of governance, trade, and cooperation, while Native Americans had their own complex systems of governance, trade, and cooperation.
Compare European and Native American agriculture.
Europeans had sophisticated farming practices, even in harsh environments, while Native Americans had their own sophisticated farming practices, even in harsh environments.
Compare European and Native American cultures.
Europeans had fundamental differences in worldview, while Native Americans had their own fundamental differences in worldview.