All Flashcards
Who was John Smith?
Leader of Jamestown colony.
Who was Lord Calvert?
Founder of Maryland.
Who was William Penn?
Founder of Pennsylvania.
Who was John Rolfe?
Developed tobacco cultivation in Jamestown.
Who was Powhatan?
Leader of the Powhatan Confederacy near Jamestown.
Who was John Winthrop?
Puritan leader of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Who was Nathaniel Bacon?
Led Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia.
Who were Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield?
Key preachers during the First Great Awakening.
Who were Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson?
Religious dissenters banished from Massachusetts.
Who was John Peter Zenger?
His acquittal supported freedom of the press.
What were the causes and effects of Mercantilism?
Causes: European powers sought wealth and power. Effects: Colonies provided raw materials, England manufactured goods, led to resentment.
What were the causes and effects of Salutary Neglect?
Causes: England preoccupied with other matters. Effects: Colonies developed self-governance and economic independence, but later resented British control.
What were the causes and effects of the First Great Awakening?
Causes: Enlightenment ideas, desire for religious renewal. Effects: New denominations, challenged authority, promoted individual judgment.
What were the causes and effects of King Philip's War?
Causes: Colonial expansion, land disputes. Effects: Native American power diminished, westward expansion accelerated.
What were the causes and effects of Bacon’s Rebellion?
Causes: Frontier grievances, lack of protection from Native Americans. Effects: Shift towards African slave labor, increased social tensions.
What were the causes and effects of the headright system?
Causes: Need for labor in the colonies. Effects: Expansion of tobacco cultivation, social stratification, and indentured servitude.
What were the causes and effects of the Act of Toleration?
Causes: Religious diversity in Maryland. Effects: Religious freedom for Christians, but not for other religions.
What were the causes and effects of the Navigation Acts?
Causes: England's desire to enforce mercantilism. Effects: Colonial resentment, smuggling, and economic dependence on England.
What were the causes and effects of the Salem Witch Trials?
Causes: Social tensions, religious extremism. Effects: Mass hysteria, executions, and erosion of Puritan authority.
What were the causes and effects of the founding of Jamestown?
Causes: English desire for wealth and resources. Effects: First permanent English colony, tobacco cultivation, and conflicts with Native Americans.
Compare the economies of the Southern and New England colonies.
Southern: Cash crops (tobacco, rice, indigo). New England: Timber, fishing, shipbuilding.
Compare the social structures of the Southern and New England colonies.
Southern: Unstable families, reliance on indentured servants/slaves. New England: Stable families, emphasis on education.
Compare the religious landscape of New England and the Middle Colonies.
New England: Primarily Puritan. Middle Colonies: Diverse religions (Quakers, etc.).
Compare relations with Native Americans in Pennsylvania and Virginia.
Pennsylvania: Relatively peaceful due to Quaker beliefs. Virginia: Frequent conflicts (e.g., with Powhatan).
Compare the motivations for settlement in Jamestown and Plymouth.
Jamestown: Primarily economic (profit). Plymouth: Primarily religious freedom.
Compare the roles of indentured servants and slaves in the colonial labor system.
Indentured servants: Temporary labor for passage. Slaves: Permanent labor, considered property.
Compare the impact of the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening on colonial thought.
Enlightenment: Emphasized reason and individual rights. Great Awakening: Emphasized personal faith and challenged authority.
Compare the political systems of the Southern and New England colonies.
Southern: County government. New England: Town hall meetings.
Compare the goals of the Navigation Acts and Salutary Neglect.
Navigation Acts: Enforce mercantilism. Salutary Neglect: Allow colonial autonomy (initially).
Compare the leadership styles of John Smith and John Winthrop.
John Smith: Focused on survival and order in Jamestown. John Winthrop: Focused on religious purity and creating a model society in Massachusetts Bay.